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GI > Gastrointestinal Infections & Diarrhea > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Infections & Diarrhea Flashcards

Guest lecturer Shaw & Wold

1
Q

Define diarrhea

A

3 or more loose or watery stools within 24 hours

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2
Q

Define the 4 different types of diarrhea

A
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3
Q

Define gastroenteritis

A

infection related to the stomach and small intestine

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4
Q

Define infectious colitis

A

infection located in the colon

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5
Q

Describe the etiology of infectious diarrhea

A
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6
Q

Describe the presentation of small bowel infectious diarrhea

A
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7
Q

Describe the presentation of large bowel infectious diarrhea

A
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8
Q

Describe the diagnosis of acute infectious diarrhea

A
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9
Q

Which organisms are difficult to grow on culture for stool samples/diarrhea testing

A

Vibrio & listeria - do GI panel instead

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10
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of norovirus diarrhea

A
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11
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of clostridium perfringens diarrhea

A
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12
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of enterotoxigenic coli (E. Coli) diarrhea

A
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13
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of vibrio cholerae diarrhea

A
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14
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of listeria monocytogenes

A
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15
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of aeromonas & plesiomonas diarhea

A
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16
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of staph aureus diarrhea

A
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17
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of salmonella diarrhea

A
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18
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of campylobacter diarrhea

A
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19
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of shigella

A
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20
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of enterohemmorrhagic E coli

A
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21
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of yersinia enterocolitica

A
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22
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of c. diff

A
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23
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of CMV/HSV diarrhea

24
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of botulism

25
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of ciguatera fish poisoning

26
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of scombroid

27
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of typhoid

28
Q

Describe the etiology of intestinal parasites

29
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of brucella

30
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of ascaris

31
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of whipworm

32
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of pinworm

33
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of schistosomiasis

34
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of strongyloides

35
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of entamoeba histolytica

36
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of giardia

37
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of cryptosporidium

38
Q

Describe the etiology of Rotavirus

39
Q

Describe the presentation of rotavirus

40
Q

Describe the treatment for rotavirus

41
Q

What abx are implicated with C. diff

42
Q

Describe the etiology of acute diarrhea

A
  • <14 days
  • mostly caused by infectious bug
  • fever, vomiting, abd pain
43
Q

Describe the etiology of chronic diarrhea

A
  • > 30 days
  • usually non-infectious
  • warrants further eval to exclude malabsorptive disease
44
Q

Describe the characteristics of small bowel diarrhea

A
  • watery
  • large volume
  • associated with abd craming, bloating, gas, weight loss
  • fever not likely
  • occult blood not likely
  • less inflammatory cells
  • enteric viruses MC
45
Q

Describe the characteristics of large bowel diarrhea

A
  • inflammatory
  • frequent, regular, small volume, often painful
  • fever
  • bloody/mucoid
  • inflammatory cells present
  • bacterial pathogens MC
46
Q

What are the most common viral pathogens causing acute diarrhea

A

Norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, etc.

47
Q

What bacteria commonly cause acute diarrhea

A

salmonella, campylobacter, shigella, enterotoxigenic E coli, C diff, etc.

48
Q

What protozoa commonly cause acute diarrhea

A

cryptosporidium, giardia, cyclospora, entamoeba, etc.

49
Q

Describe food poisoning

A

Diarrhea within 6hrs of eating
- generally staph aureus or bacillus cereus
- vomiting is a major symptom

Within 8-16 hrs = clostridium perfringens

Greater than 16 hrs = viral or other bacterial etiologies that require time for toxin to develop (ETAC)

50
Q

When to do stool testing

A
  • severe illness: hosp, hypovolemic, 6+ days of severe symptoms
  • concern for inflammatory diarrhea: bloody, fever
  • high risk host features: 70+ years old, immunocompromised, IBD, pregnant
  • public health concern: food worker, healthcare worker, day care
  • symptoms +1 week
51
Q

Describe fecal leuk testing

A
  • looking for WBC in stool
  • WBC not normally there
  • indicate infection with microorganisms that invade tissue or produce toxins that damage tissue
  • can also be seen in IBD
  • not accurate for inflammatory diarrhea
52
Q

What is the danger zone for bacterial multiplication in food

A

40 degrees to 140 degrees F

53
Q

List some infection control & prevention measures relevant to diarrhea

A
  • avoid daycares, schools, water activities until no symptoms for at least 48 hrs
  • avoid anal receptive and oral-anal sex until no symptoms for at least 48 hrs
  • hand hygiene
  • water purification tools
54
Q

What diarrheal illness commonly causes guillain-barre syndrome

A

campylobacter (30-40% of GBS cases attributed)

55
Q

90% of hemolytic uremic syndrome in kids is caused by which two diarrheal illnesses

A

E coli most common, then shigella

GI (17 decks)

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