Acute Abdomen Flashcards by Elizabeth Sager

Q

What are the 2 main chemicals at work in the lumen of the stomach

A

Hydrochloric Acid from parietal cells

Pepsin (from pepsinogen secreted by chief cells)

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Q

What do hydrochloric acid and pepsin do in the lumen of the stomach

A

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Q

What are the 3 hormones that stimulate parietal cells

A

Gastrin, Histamine, & acetylcholine

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Q

What do gastrin, histamine, & acetylcholine do

A

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Q

What is the site of most small intestine absorption

A

duodenum

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Q

What is responsible for most of the chemical digestion and regulates the rate of stomach emptying

A

duodenum

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Q

What are the hormones of the small intestine

A

Secretin & cholecystokinin

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Q

What to secretin and cholecystokinin do

A

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Q

What is responsible for absorbing remaining water from undigested food matter, transporting undigested food, and absorbing vitamins produced by bacteria

A

large intestine

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Q

List the hormones of the pancreas (islets of langerhans)

A

insulin, glucagon, & somatostatin

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Q

What is insulin produced by and what does it do

A

produced by beta cells to decrease blood glucose levels

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Q

what is glucagon produced by and what does it do

A

produced by alpha cells and increases blood glucose levels

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Q

what is somatostatin produced by and what does it do

A

produced by delta cells and suppresses release of GI hormones

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Q

Describe conjugated bilirubin

A

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Q

Describe unconjugated bilirubin

A

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Q

Describe the etiology & RFs for esophagitis

A

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Q

Describe the clinical presentation of esophagitis

A

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Q

Describe the diagnostic testing of esophagitis

A

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Q

Describe the treatment for esophagitis

A

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Q

Describe the etiology of Boerhaave’s syndrome

A

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Q

Describe the presentation of Boerhaave’s syndrome

A

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Q

Describe the diagnostic testing for boerhaave’s syndrome

A

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Q

Describe the treatment for boerhaave’s syndrome

A

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Q

Describe the etiology of mallory-weiss tear

A

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Describe the presentation of mallory-weiss tear

Describe the diagnostic testing for a mallory-weiss tear

Describe the treatment of a mallory-weiss tear

Describe the etiology & RFs of esophageal varices

Describe the etiology & pathophysiology of distal/diffuse esophageal spasm

Describe the presentation of esophageal varices

Describe the diagnosis & treatment for esophageal varices

Describe the presentation of distal/diffuse esophageal spasm

Describe the diagnostic testing for distal/diffuse esophageal spasm

Describe the treatment for distal/diffuse esophageal spasm

list the definition and etiology of gastritis

describe the presentation of gastritis

Describe the diagnostic testing and treatment for gastritis

Describe the etiology of peptic ulcer disease

Describe the presentation of peptic ulcer disease

Describe the diagnostic testing and treatment for peptic ulcer disease

Describe zollinger ellison syndrome

Describe proton pump inhibitors (list 3, MOA, side effects, interactions)

Describe H2 receptor antagonists (list 3, MOA, side effects, interactions)

Describe misoprostol use, MOA, CIs

Describe antacid MOA

neutralizes acid and prevents pepsinogen to pepsin conversion

Describe bismuth compounds (pepto bismol)

Describe sucralfate

Describe the etiology and epidemiology of pyloric stenosis

Describe the clinical presentation of pyloric stenosis

Describe the diagnosis and treatment of pyloric stenosis

Describe the etiology & RFs for cholecystitis

Describe the presentation of cholecystitis

Describe the diagnostic testing for cholecystitis

Describe the treatment for cholecystitis

Describe the definition, pathophys, & RFs of acute acalculous cholecystitis

Describe the presentation of acute acalculous cholecystitis

Describe the diagnosis and treatment of acute acalculous cholesystitis

Describe the definition & etiology of acute ascending cholangitis

Describe the presentation of acute ascending cholangitis

Describe the diagnosis of acute ascending cholangitis

Describe the treatment for acute ascending cholangitis

Describe choledocholithiasis

Describe the presentation of choledocholithiasis

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of choledocholithiasis

Describe the etiology & risk factors for hepatic vein obstruction (budd chiari)

Describe the presentation of hepatic vein obstruction

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of hepatic vein obstruction

Describe the risk factors for acute viral hepatitis

Describe the presentation of acute viral hepatitis

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of acute viral hepatitis

Describe the definition and risk factors for fulminant hepatitis

Describe the presentation of fulminant hepatitis

Describe the diagnosis of fulminant hepatitis

Describe the treatment for fulminant hepatitis

Describe the etiology and risk factors for cirrhosis

Describe the presentation of cirrhosis

Describe the diagnosis & treatment for cirrhosis

Describe the definition & etiology of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Describe the presentation of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Describe the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Describe the etiology of acute pancreatitis

Describe the presentation of acute pancreatitis

Describe the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis

Describe the treatment of acute pancreatitis

what are these indicative of

acute pancreatitis

Describe some things that would cause abnormal LFTs

Describe the etiology & presentation of anorectal abscess & fistula

Describe the treatment and complication of anorectal abscess & fistula

Describe the definition and etiology of anal fissure

Describe the presentation and treatment of anal fissure

Describe the treatment of diarrhea

Describe fecal impaction

Describe constipation treatments

Describe the etiology and presentation of splenic rupture or laceration

Describe the diagnosis and treatment of splenic rupture and laceration

Describe the toxic ingestion of acetaminophen

Describe the toxic ingestion of salicylates

Describe the toxic ingestion of bases

Describe the toxic ingestion of hydrocarbons

Describe the toxic ingestion of iron

Describe the toxic ingestion of anticholinergics

Describe the toxic ingestion of cholinergics

Describe the etiology and presentation of button battery ingestion

Describe the diagnosis and treatment for button battery ingestion

Describe the etiology & presentation of a small bowel obstruction

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of a small bowel obstruction

Describe the etiology, RFs, & presentation of duodenal atresia

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of duodenal atresia

Describe the etiology, RFs, & presentation of intussusception

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of intussusception

Describe the etiology & presentation of diverticulitis

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of diverticulitis

Describe the etiology & presentation of volvulus

Describe the etiology & presentation of appendicitis

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of volvulus

Describe the diagnosis & treatment for appendicitis

Describe the etiology of acute mesenteric ischemia

Describe the presentation of acute mesenteric ischemia

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia

Describe the etiology & presentation of ischemic colitis

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of ischemic colitis

Describe the etiology & presentation of toxic megacolon

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of toxic megacolon

Describe the etiology, presentation, diagnosis, & treatment of ulcerative colitis

Describe the etiology, presentation, diagnosis, & treatment of chron's disease

Describe the etiology & presentation of incarcerated hernias

irreducible painful enlargement of hernia that can't be reduced (n/v if bowel obstruction) surgical

Describe the etiology & presentation of strangulated hernias

compromised blood supply = surgical emergency ischemic with systemic toxicity

Describe the etiology & treatment of epiploic appendagitis