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GI > Acute Abdomen > Flashcards

Acute Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main chemicals at work in the lumen of the stomach

A

Hydrochloric Acid from parietal cells

Pepsin (from pepsinogen secreted by chief cells)

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2
Q

What do hydrochloric acid and pepsin do in the lumen of the stomach

A
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3
Q

What are the 3 hormones that stimulate parietal cells

A

Gastrin, Histamine, & acetylcholine

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4
Q

What do gastrin, histamine, & acetylcholine do

A
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5
Q

What is the site of most small intestine absorption

A

duodenum

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6
Q

What is responsible for most of the chemical digestion and regulates the rate of stomach emptying

A

duodenum

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7
Q

What are the hormones of the small intestine

A

Secretin & cholecystokinin

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8
Q

What to secretin and cholecystokinin do

A
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9
Q

What is responsible for absorbing remaining water from undigested food matter, transporting undigested food, and absorbing vitamins produced by bacteria

A

large intestine

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10
Q

List the hormones of the pancreas (islets of langerhans)

A

insulin, glucagon, & somatostatin

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11
Q

What is insulin produced by and what does it do

A

produced by beta cells to decrease blood glucose levels

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12
Q

what is glucagon produced by and what does it do

A

produced by alpha cells and increases blood glucose levels

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13
Q

what is somatostatin produced by and what does it do

A

produced by delta cells and suppresses release of GI hormones

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14
Q

Describe conjugated bilirubin

A
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15
Q

Describe unconjugated bilirubin

A
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16
Q

Describe the etiology & RFs for esophagitis

A
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17
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of esophagitis

A
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18
Q

Describe the diagnostic testing of esophagitis

A
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19
Q

Describe the treatment for esophagitis

A
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20
Q

Describe the etiology of Boerhaave’s syndrome

A
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21
Q

Describe the presentation of Boerhaave’s syndrome

A
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22
Q

Describe the diagnostic testing for boerhaave’s syndrome

A
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23
Q

Describe the treatment for boerhaave’s syndrome

A
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24
Q

Describe the etiology of mallory-weiss tear

A
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25
Q

Describe the presentation of mallory-weiss tear

A
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26
Q

Describe the diagnostic testing for a mallory-weiss tear

A
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27
Q

Describe the treatment of a mallory-weiss tear

A
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28
Q

Describe the etiology & RFs of esophageal varices

A
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29
Q

Describe the etiology & pathophysiology of distal/diffuse esophageal spasm

A
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29
Q

Describe the presentation of esophageal varices

A
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30
Q

Describe the diagnosis & treatment for esophageal varices

A
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31
Q

Describe the presentation of distal/diffuse esophageal spasm

A
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32
Q

Describe the diagnostic testing for distal/diffuse esophageal spasm

A
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33
Q

Describe the treatment for distal/diffuse esophageal spasm

A
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34
Q

list the definition and etiology of gastritis

A
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35
Q

describe the presentation of gastritis

A
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36
Q

Describe the diagnostic testing and treatment for gastritis

A
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37
Q

Describe the etiology of peptic ulcer disease

A
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38
Q

Describe the presentation of peptic ulcer disease

A
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39
Q

Describe the diagnostic testing and treatment for peptic ulcer disease

A
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40
Q

Describe zollinger ellison syndrome

A
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41
Q

Describe proton pump inhibitors (list 3, MOA, side effects, interactions)

A
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42
Q

Describe H2 receptor antagonists (list 3, MOA, side effects, interactions)

A
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43
Q

Describe misoprostol use, MOA, CIs

A
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44
Q

Describe antacid MOA

A

neutralizes acid and prevents pepsinogen to pepsin conversion

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45
Q

Describe bismuth compounds (pepto bismol)

A
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46
Q

Describe sucralfate

A
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47
Q

Describe the etiology and epidemiology of pyloric stenosis

A
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48
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of pyloric stenosis

A
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49
Q

Describe the diagnosis and treatment of pyloric stenosis

A
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50
Q

Describe the etiology & RFs for cholecystitis

A
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51
Q

Describe the presentation of cholecystitis

A
52
Q

Describe the diagnostic testing for cholecystitis

A
53
Q

Describe the treatment for cholecystitis

A
54
Q

Describe the definition, pathophys, & RFs of acute acalculous cholecystitis

A
55
Q

Describe the presentation of acute acalculous cholecystitis

A
56
Q

Describe the diagnosis and treatment of acute acalculous cholesystitis

A
57
Q

Describe the definition & etiology of acute ascending cholangitis

A
58
Q

Describe the presentation of acute ascending cholangitis

A
59
Q

Describe the diagnosis of acute ascending cholangitis

A
60
Q

Describe the treatment for acute ascending cholangitis

A
61
Q

Describe choledocholithiasis

A
62
Q

Describe the presentation of choledocholithiasis

A
63
Q

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of choledocholithiasis

A
64
Q

Describe the etiology & risk factors for hepatic vein obstruction (budd chiari)

A
65
Q

Describe the presentation of hepatic vein obstruction

A
66
Q

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of hepatic vein obstruction

A
67
Q

Describe the risk factors for acute viral hepatitis

A
68
Q

Describe the presentation of acute viral hepatitis

A
69
Q

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of acute viral hepatitis

A
70
Q

Describe the definition and risk factors for fulminant hepatitis

A
71
Q

Describe the presentation of fulminant hepatitis

A
72
Q

Describe the diagnosis of fulminant hepatitis

A
73
Q

Describe the treatment for fulminant hepatitis

A
74
Q

Describe the etiology and risk factors for cirrhosis

A
75
Q

Describe the presentation of cirrhosis

A
76
Q

Describe the diagnosis & treatment for cirrhosis

A
77
Q

Describe the definition & etiology of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

A
78
Q

Describe the presentation of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

A
79
Q

Describe the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

A
80
Q

Describe the etiology of acute pancreatitis

A
81
Q

Describe the presentation of acute pancreatitis

A
82
Q

Describe the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis

A
83
Q

Describe the treatment of acute pancreatitis

A
84
Q

what are these indicative of

A

acute pancreatitis

85
Q

Describe some things that would cause abnormal LFTs

A
86
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of anorectal abscess & fistula

A
87
Q

Describe the treatment and complication of anorectal abscess & fistula

A
88
Q

Describe the definition and etiology of anal fissure

A
89
Q

Describe the presentation and treatment of anal fissure

A
90
Q

Describe the treatment of diarrhea

A
91
Q

Describe fecal impaction

A
92
Q

Describe constipation treatments

A
93
Q

Describe the etiology and presentation of splenic rupture or laceration

A
94
Q

Describe the diagnosis and treatment of splenic rupture and laceration

A
95
Q

Describe the toxic ingestion of acetaminophen

A
96
Q

Describe the toxic ingestion of salicylates

A
97
Q

Describe the toxic ingestion of bases

A
98
Q

Describe the toxic ingestion of hydrocarbons

A
99
Q

Describe the toxic ingestion of iron

A
100
Q

Describe the toxic ingestion of anticholinergics

A
101
Q

Describe the toxic ingestion of cholinergics

A
102
Q

Describe the etiology and presentation of button battery ingestion

A
103
Q

Describe the diagnosis and treatment for button battery ingestion

A
104
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of a small bowel obstruction

A
105
Q

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of a small bowel obstruction

A
106
Q

Describe the etiology, RFs, & presentation of duodenal atresia

A
107
Q

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of duodenal atresia

A
108
Q

Describe the etiology, RFs, & presentation of intussusception

A
109
Q

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of intussusception

A
110
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of diverticulitis

A
111
Q

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of diverticulitis

A
112
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of volvulus

A
113
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of appendicitis

A
113
Q

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of volvulus

A
114
Q

Describe the diagnosis & treatment for appendicitis

A
115
Q

Describe the etiology of acute mesenteric ischemia

A
116
Q

Describe the presentation of acute mesenteric ischemia

A
117
Q

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia

A
118
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of ischemic colitis

A
119
Q

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of ischemic colitis

A
120
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of toxic megacolon

A
121
Q

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of toxic megacolon

A
122
Q

Describe the etiology, presentation, diagnosis, & treatment of ulcerative colitis

A
123
Q

Describe the etiology, presentation, diagnosis, & treatment of chron’s disease

A
124
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of incarcerated hernias

A

irreducible

painful enlargement of hernia that can’t be reduced (n/v if bowel obstruction)

surgical

125
Q

Describe the etiology & presentation of strangulated hernias

A

compromised blood supply = surgical emergency

ischemic with systemic toxicity

126
Q

Describe the etiology & treatment of epiploic appendagitis

A

GI (17 decks)

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