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Year 3 Drug Formulary > Gastrointestinal drugs > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What class of drugs are ranitidine and cimetidine?

A

H2-receptor antagonists

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2
Q

How does ranitidine work?

A

Competitively inhibits histamine actions at all H2 receptors, mainly inhibiting gastric acid secretions

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3
Q

Indications for ranitidine

A

Benign gastric/duodenal ulcers, chronic episodic dyspepsia, GORD

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4
Q

What is ranitidine’s effect on CyP450 enzymes?

A

Inhibits them therefore increases conc. of drugs metablised by this system

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5
Q

What condition may ranitidine and omeprazole mask the symptoms of?

A

Gastric Ca

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6
Q

Examples of proton pump inhibitors?

A

Omeprazole, lansoprazole

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7
Q

How do PPI’s work?

A

Dose-dependent inhibition of proton pump on gastric parietal cells thus inhibiting gastric acid secretion

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8
Q

Indications for omeprazole

A

GORD, dyspepsia, oesophagitis, gastric/duodenal ulcers, H. pylori eradication (along with 2 antibiotics)

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9
Q

Omeprazole’s effect on CyP450?

A

Inhibits it

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10
Q

What is loperamide used for?

A

Anti-diarrhoea

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11
Q

How does loperamide work?

A

Acts on opioid mew receptors in myenteric plexus and inhibits ACh release to inhibit peristalsis

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12
Q

When should loperamide not be used?

A

Acute ulcerative colitis, Abx-associated colitis, dysentry

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13
Q

How does Senna work?

A

LAXATIVE: Hydrolysed in colon to produce anthracrine glycoside derivatives which stimulate myenteric plexus resulting in smooth muscle activity and defecation.

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14
Q

Contra-indications to using senna?

A

Intestinal obstruction, undiagnosed abdominal pain

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15
Q

What drug class is mesalazine?

A

Aminosalicylates; releases 5-aminosalicylate in bowel

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16
Q

Indications for mesalazine

A

Mild-to-moderate UC, maintenance of remission, ?RA

17
Q

What is the interaction between mesalazine and lactulose?

A

Lactulose lowers stool pH, preventing release of mesalazine

18
Q

What needs to be monitored for 3 months prior to mesalazine Rx and annually during Rx?

A

Renal impairment and it is nephrotoxic

19
Q

What drug class is metaclopramide and how does it work?

A

Anti-emetic, works by increasing contractions in upper GIT to speed up gastric emptying to intestine.

20
Q

Metaclopramide interaction with alcohol? And with dopaminergic agonists?

A

Alcohol increases sedative effects, dopaminergic agonists have antagonistic effect.

21
Q

Why is prolonged use (>12 weeks) of metaclopramide not recommended?

A

Can cause a movement disorder

Year 3 Drug Formulary (10 decks)

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