Gastrointestinal Buzzwords

Question 1

Gingival hypertrophy or gingivectomy/biting on own gums?

Answer 1

Side effect of CCBs or phenytoin

Question 2

Bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus)?

Answer 2

Achalasia; if in lower GI imaging, it is a sign of bowel obstruction

Question 3

Grey Turner’s (lumbar redness) and Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness)?

Answer 3

Pancreatitis (acute)

Question 4

Positive Murphy’s sign?

Answer 4

Cholecystitis

Question 5

Pale stools, jaundice and abdominal pain?

Answer 5

Biliary obstruction

Question 6

Abdominal distension, caput medusae and shifting dullness?

Answer 6

Portal hypertension + ascites

Question 7

Pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum?

Answer 7

Crohn’s/UC (more common in UC)

Question 8

Tinkling bowel sounds?

Answer 8

Bowel obstruction

Question 9

Vesicular rash + weight loss?

Answer 9

Coeliac disease

Question 10

Virchow’s node (left supra-clavicular)?

Answer 10

Gastric cancer

Question 11

Urea breath test?

Answer 11

H. pylori

Question 12

C breath test?

Answer 12

H. pylori

Question 13

Bacterial overgrowth tests?

Answer 13

Glycocholate breath test

Culture of duodenal aspirate

Question 14

PBC?

Answer 14

Presence of A-MA

Question 15

AIH?

Answer 15

Presence of A-SMA, A-NA and anti-LKM antibodies

Question 16

Alfa feto protein assay?

Answer 16

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 17

Cobblestone mucosa (deep fissuring ulceration)?

Answer 17

Crohn’s disease

Question 18

Diuretic for ascites?

Answer 18

Spironolactone

Question 19

Corkscrew oesophagus?

Answer 19

Diffuse oesophageal spasm

Question 20

Severe abdominal pain + diarrhoea and vomiting after raw milk?

Answer 20

Campylobacter

Question 21

Russell’s sign?

Answer 21

Self-induced vomiting

Question 22

Mallory’s hyaline bodies?

Answer 22

Alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis

Question 23

Crypt abscesses / cryptitis?

Answer 23

UC/Crohn’s but more common in UC

Question 24

Onion-skinning fibrosis and beading of bile ducts?

Answer 24

PSC

Question 25

Signet-ring cells seen on biopsy?

Answer 25

Diffuse type gastric cancer (can cause linitis plastica)

Question 26

Thumb-printing on AXR, commonly at splenic flexure?

Answer 26

Ischaemic colitis

Question 27

Charcot's triad?

Answer 27

For cholangitis: Fever RUQ pain Jaundice

Question 28

Causes of abdominal masses?

Answer 28

A CHEMICAL: AAA ``` Crohn's Hernia Enlarged colon Malignancy Intussusception Cysts/abscesses Appendicitis Lymphadenopathy ```

Question 29

Causes of bowel obstruction?

Answer 29

BATH VIPS: Bolus Adhesions Tumour Hernia Volvulus Intussusception Pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's) Stricture