Gastrointestinal Anatomy

Question 1

associated digestive structures

Answer 1

three pairs of salivary glands, the pancreas, the liver, the gallbladder, each of which has an important roll. The appendix- a short blind-ended tube attached to the large intestine-has No Known function. Food is moved through the digestive tract by muscular contractions called peristalsis.

Question 2

digestive organs

Answer 2

The mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus make up the digestive tract, which is basically a food-processing pipe about 30 ft long

Question 3

peritoneum

Answer 3

Theperitoneumis the serous membrane forming the lining of the abdominal cavity

sometimes you can have a bleed that is retroperitoneal bleed

Question 4

retro peritoneal bleed

Answer 4

perfusionists have to worry about it

bleeds into the abdominal cavity

Question 5

pancreas

Answer 5

secrets digestive enzymes

Question 6

gallbaldder

Answer 6

bile produced by the liver is stored here

Question 7

small instestine

Answer 7

major site of digestion and absorption of nutrients

Question 8

large intestine

Answer 8

absorbs most of the remaining water from food residue

Question 9

liver

Answer 9

processes absorbed nutrients, detoxifies harmful substances, produces bile

Question 10

stomach

Answer 10

churns, digest, and sotres food

Question 11

primary retroperitoneal organs

Answer 11

Aorta
Inferior vena cava
Kidneys
Suprarenal glands
Urinary bladder, prostate
Vagina
Rectum

Question 12

six common causes of abdominal protusion begin with the letter…

Answer 12

F

food
fluid
fat
feces
flatus
fetus

Question 13

quadrants

Answer 13

right upp q
left upper q
right lower
left lower

Question 14

right gastro epiploic artery

Answer 14

can be used as an additional arterial conduit

runs along inferior aspect of the stomach

arteries last longer than veins

Question 15

femoral triangle

Answer 15

greater saphenous vein
femoral triangle

Surgeries that have to have artery cannulations

Surgeons attemping to cannulate femoral artery and/or vein

Saphenous vein is in area

Saphenous starting in the foot and finishing in the femoral vein

Greater saphenous vein is used mostly for CABG procedures

Question 16

anatomy of stomach

Answer 16

Esophagus
Cardiac and sphincter
Fundus
Body
Pyloric antrum
Pyloric canal
Duodendum

Question 18

Celiac artery

Answer 18

The celiac trunk is a branch of the abdominal aorta, arising immediately inferior to the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm (T12 vertebral level).

Question 19

where does celiac trunk supply blood to?

Answer 19

The celiac trunk supplies the liver, gallbladder, inferior esophagus, stomach, pancreas, spleen, and duodenum.

Question 20

what does the celiac trunk divide into?

Answer 20

The vessel is usually 1 to 2 cm long and divides into the left gastric, common hepatic, and splenic arteries.

Question 21

small intestine

Answer 21

proximal jejunum

procimal ileum

distal ileum

Question 22

large intestine

Answer 22

greater omentum

transverse colon

descending colon

ascending colon

Question 23

superior mesenteric artery

Answer 23

from its left side
- 12 or more jejunal and ileal arteries that anastomose to form arcades from which vasa recta pass to the small intestine

from its right side
- Middle colic
- Ileocolic,
- Right colic artery that anastomose to form a marginal artery that parallels the mesenteric border at the colon and from which vasa recta pass to the large intestine

Question 24

inferior mesenteric artery

Answer 24

arises posterior to the ascending part of the duodenum about 4 cm superior to the bifurcation of the aorta; on crossing the left common iliac artery, it becomes the superior rectal artery.

The branches of the inferior mesenteric artery include:
Left colic artery
Several sigmoid arteries
The inferior two sigmoid arteries branch from the superior rectal artery.
The point at which the last sigmoidal artery branches from the superior rectal artery is known as the “critical point” of the superior rectal artery; distal to this point, there are poor or no anastomotic connections between the superior rectal artery and the marginal artery.

Question 25

abdominal aortic aneurysm

Answer 25

three layers of the artery

one of these layers, gets diseased with a plaque

usually people with high blood pressure

false lumen fills

doesn’t always require CPB

Question 26

griffiths point

Answer 26

Site of communication of the ascending left colic artery with the marginal artery

The critical point of significance occlusive left vascular impairment of the left colon

Question 27

sudek’s point

Answer 27

Sudek’s point critical point at the recto sigmoid junction

The point of junction of the last sigmoid

Particular relevance f

Sigmoid it’s the junction

Orginates form the inferior mesenteric artery

Forms a water shed zone, rectal wall is susceptible to ischemia

Question 28

reasons for liver bypass

Answer 28

Alcohol use scarring of liver

Blot clot vein

Too much iron in liver

Hepatitis B or C

Question 29

pancreas

Answer 29

T12 - L4
where it lies