Gastrointestinal Anatomy Flashcards
associated digestive structures
three pairs of salivary glands, the pancreas, the liver, the gallbladder, each of which has an important roll. The appendix- a short blind-ended tube attached to the large intestine-has No Known function. Food is moved through the digestive tract by muscular contractions called peristalsis.
digestive organs
The mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus make up the digestive tract, which is basically a food-processing pipe about 30 ft long
peritoneum
Theperitoneumis the serous membrane forming the lining of the abdominal cavity
sometimes you can have a bleed that is retroperitoneal bleed
retro peritoneal bleed
perfusionists have to worry about it
bleeds into the abdominal cavity
pancreas
secrets digestive enzymes
gallbaldder
bile produced by the liver is stored here
small instestine
major site of digestion and absorption of nutrients
large intestine
absorbs most of the remaining water from food residue
liver
processes absorbed nutrients, detoxifies harmful substances, produces bile
stomach
churns, digest, and sotres food
primary retroperitoneal organs
Aorta
Inferior vena cava
Kidneys
Suprarenal glands
Urinary bladder, prostate
Vagina
Rectum
six common causes of abdominal protusion begin with the letter…
F
food
fluid
fat
feces
flatus
fetus
quadrants
right upp q
left upper q
right lower
left lower
right gastro epiploic artery
can be used as an additional arterial conduit
runs along inferior aspect of the stomach
arteries last longer than veins
femoral triangle
greater saphenous vein
femoral triangle
Surgeries that have to have artery cannulations
Surgeons attemping to cannulate femoral artery and/or vein
Saphenous vein is in area
Saphenous starting in the foot and finishing in the femoral vein
Greater saphenous vein is used mostly for CABG procedures
anatomy of stomach
Esophagus
Cardiac and sphincter
Fundus
Body
Pyloric antrum
Pyloric canal
Duodendum
Celiac artery
The celiac trunk is a branch of the abdominal aorta, arising immediately inferior to the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm (T12 vertebral level).
where does celiac trunk supply blood to?
The celiac trunk supplies the liver, gallbladder, inferior esophagus, stomach, pancreas, spleen, and duodenum.
what does the celiac trunk divide into?
The vessel is usually 1 to 2 cm long and divides into the left gastric, common hepatic, and splenic arteries.
small intestine
proximal jejunum
procimal ileum
distal ileum
large intestine
greater omentum
transverse colon
descending colon
ascending colon
superior mesenteric artery
from its left side
- 12 or more jejunal and ileal arteries that anastomose to form arcades from which vasa recta pass to the small intestine
from its right side
- Middle colic
- Ileocolic,
- Right colic artery that anastomose to form a marginal artery that parallels the mesenteric border at the colon and from which vasa recta pass to the large intestine
inferior mesenteric artery
arises posterior to the ascending part of the duodenum about 4 cm superior to the bifurcation of the aorta; on crossing the left common iliac artery, it becomes the superior rectal artery.
The branches of the inferior mesenteric artery include:
Left colic artery
Several sigmoid arteries
The inferior two sigmoid arteries branch from the superior rectal artery.
The point at which the last sigmoidal artery branches from the superior rectal artery is known as the “critical point” of the superior rectal artery; distal to this point, there are poor or no anastomotic connections between the superior rectal artery and the marginal artery.
abdominal aortic aneurysm
three layers of the artery
one of these layers, gets diseased with a plaque
usually people with high blood pressure
false lumen fills
doesn’t always require CPB
griffiths point
Site of communication of the ascending left colic artery with the marginal artery
The critical point of significance occlusive left vascular impairment of the left colon
sudek’s point
Sudek’s point critical point at the recto sigmoid junction
The point of junction of the last sigmoid
Particular relevance f
Sigmoid it’s the junction
Orginates form the inferior mesenteric artery
Forms a water shed zone, rectal wall is susceptible to ischemia
reasons for liver bypass
Alcohol use scarring of liver
Blot clot vein
Too much iron in liver
Hepatitis B or C
pancreas
T12 - L4
where it lies
