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gastrointestinal, abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

abnormal channels to abscesses

A

sinuses

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2
Q
  • Evaluation of abdominal stab wounds
  • positive contrast technique – water iodinated CM
    ▪ AP - cross table lateral
    ▪ erect lateral ( if possible)
A

Bowerman & Smithwick technique

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3
Q
  • Sign of splenic injury
  • Done if it is not manifested on conventional supine & erect films
  • CA – 200ml barium sulfate by mouth
    ▪ AP
    ▪ LLD of LUQ
A

Schoor & Danon technique

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4
Q

RLD w/ gas in stomach

A

Leigh technique

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5
Q
  • Positive Contrast Peritoneography
  • For selected cases of abdominal abdnormalities
  • CM – 25% sodium diatrizoate solution (75g of hypaque+300ml sterile water)
A

Gelfand Technique

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6
Q

PP: supine; MSP centered approx. 1 inch of the iliac bone is included on the lower border of film
CR – perpendicular
RP – Xiphoid
Instruction – exhalation suspended
SS – Size & shape of liver, spleen and kidneys

A

LIVER AND SPLEEN AP PROJECTION

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7
Q

PP: prone; MSP centered; elbows flexed
CR:
1st exposure - 25° caudad
2nd exposure - 10° cephalad
Perpendicular - general survey
RP: xiphoid
Instruction – suspended exhalation
SS: greater surface of liver

A

LIVER
PA Axial Position or PA Projection
Benassi Method - two 34cmx43cm

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8
Q

PP: supine; right side elevated about 40-45°; center left side; cassette at or just below level of xiphoid
CR: Perpendicular
RP: approx. 2” left of midline at level of xiphoid
SS: greater surface of spleen

A

SPLEEN
LPO – Benassi method

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9
Q

found in individual that is short & stocky (overweight)
stomach:
▪ high
▪ lumen: largest above
- tapering toward pylorus
▪ extends more towards left
▪ horizontal position
▪ incissura angularis above level of
pylorus
- 1cm
▪ occasionally pylorus is the lowermost part of the stomach

A

steer horn

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10
Q

found in sthenic individual
stomach :
▪ J-shaped
▪ Body tend to be vertical in AP projection & uniform in size
▪ found at level of IC in erect position

A

Eutonic

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11
Q

found in asthenic individuals
(underweight)
stomach:
▪ fishhook-shaped
▪ greater curvature tends to sag down into the pelvis
▪ greatest diameter between the incissura angularis &
▪ Adjoining greater curvature

A

hypotonic

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12
Q

Variant type of stomach:

A

cascade and infantile

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13
Q

esophogastric junction is higher than pylorus

A

cascade

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14
Q

normal stomach but pylorus is hidden at back of anthrum

A

infantile

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15
Q

▪ Barium sulfate
▪ Water soluble, iodinated CM
- Move through GIT quicker than barium sulfate suspension
- Normally clears the stomach 1 to 2 hrs
- Entire iodinated CM reaches & outlines the colon in about 4 hrs

A

CONTRAST AGENT

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16
Q

✓ Outlines the esophagus – does not adhere to mucosa
✓ Satisfactory examination of stomach & duodenum including mucosal delineation
✓ Permits rapid survey of entire small intestine
- Fails to provide clear anatomic detail of the small intestine due to dilution of CM & decrease all opacification
✓ Densely concentrated in the large intestine
- Due to rapid water absorption through colonic mucosa

A

Iodinated CM

17
Q

✓ Easily removed by aspiration either before or during surgery
✓ No ill effects
- preexisting perforation of stomach or intestine
- if medium escapes into the peritoneum, medium is readily absorbed from peritoneal cavity & excreted by the kidneys.
✓ Strongly bitter taste
✓ Not evacuated completely to permit a double contrast study of the colon mucosa – rectally administered iodinated medium.

A

water-soluble CM

18
Q
  • mass of undigested material that gets trapped in the stomach
A

BEZOAR

19
Q

benign of carcinoma

A

tumor

20
Q

benign or malugnant; depression lesion on the surface on the surface of the alimentary canal

A

ulcer

21
Q

indigestion

A

dyspepsia

22
Q

inflammation of the lining of the stomach

A

gastritis

23
Q

backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus

A

Gastroesophageal reflux

24
Q
  • protrusion of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
A

hiatal hernia

25
Q

narrowing of pyloric canal causing obstruction

A

pyloric stenosis

26
Q

weakening & outpouching of a portion of the mucosal wall

A

diverticulum

27
Q

diverticulum located just the cardiac portion of the stomach

A

zenker’s diverticulum

28
Q

small mass growing from the mucosal wall (cancerous or benign).

A

polyp

29
Q
  • Barium sulfate – 50% to 60%
A

Single contrast examination

30
Q
  • Small lesion & mucosal lining are clearly visualized
  • Barium sulfate – between 40 & 120% up to 250%
A

Double contrast examination

31
Q
  • Glucagon or other anticholinergic (drug w/c block passage of impulses through the autonomic nerve) before exam. To relax the GIT
A

high density

32
Q
  • Allow greater distention of stomach & bowel for improved visualzation
  • before use of glucagon – atropine or propantheline (Pro-Banthine) bromide is used as antispasmodic medications
A

IV or IM

33
Q

single + double contrast
- Both examination performed on same day
double contrast is performed first
- on completion – patient is given approx. 15% barium sulfate & a single contrast examination is performed

A

Bipasic GI examination

34
Q
  • Diagnostic tool for evaluation of postbulbar duodenal lesions & detection of pancreatic disease
  • requires duodenal & temporary drug-induced paralysis so that a double
  • contrast examination can be performed
  • has decrease as primary diagnostic tool in recent years.
  • CT or needle biopsy can be in place of this procedure
A

Hypotonic duodenography

35
Q

used with image intensifier

A

FLUOROSCOPY UNIT

36
Q

infants (Gugliantini method)

A

20 to 25 deg cephalad

37
Q

adults (Gordon method)

A

35 to 45 deg cephalad

contrast (6 decks)

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