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Exam 3 Histology > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

general hollow organ organization

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa

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2
Q

elements of mucosa

A

epithelial lining, lamina propria (CT), muscularis mucosa (SM)

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3
Q

Muscularis externa

A

This can have two layers: inner circular and outer longitudinal

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4
Q

Esophagus layers

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, outer CT (adventitia and serosa

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5
Q

esophagus specializations

A

plexi, glands, GE junction

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6
Q

esophagus plexi

A

nerve and submucosal

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7
Q

esophagus glands

A

submucosal, mixed seromucus. Duct is stratified cuboidal

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8
Q

Esophagus GE junction

A

rapid transition of epithelia type. Metaplastic changes occur with chronic GERD

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9
Q

Stomach sections

A

cardia, fundus, parietal. Simple columnar epithelia.

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10
Q

Cardia

A

region of stomach that meets esophagus, closest to heart. Contains short glands/pits. Cells are mucus and EE

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11
Q

Fundus

A

body of stomach, contains long rug and short pits with Long glands. Cels are parietal, chief, and mucus.

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12
Q

Periatal cells

A

look like fried eggs, intracellular caniculi with lots of mitochondria

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13
Q

chief cells

A

basophilic, protein secreting. Pepsinogen is secreted, which becomes pepsin at acidic PH

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14
Q

Pyloric region

A

contains long pits, short clans. Mucous and EE cells. The sphincter is thickened inner muscular external region.

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15
Q

Enteroendocrine cells

A

abundant in stomach. secrete lots of products. Require a special stain to see these.

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16
Q

Small intestine GE junction

A

epithelia change from no microvilli to microvilli

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17
Q

small intestine components

A

duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

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18
Q

General small intestine characteristics

A

villi, many goblet cells, crypts (will many cell types)

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19
Q

Crypts

A

invaginations into Lamina propria, appear like flowers with central lumen.

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20
Q

Cells in crypts

A

goblet cells, paneth cells, EE (open and closed)

21
Q

goblet cells

A

unicellular with no microvilli. Number increases distally down the intestine

22
Q

Paneth cells

A

at the base of crypt. Antimicrobial eosinophilic granules.

23
Q

EE open vs closed (in crypts of SI)

A

open: surface is exposed to lumen. Both have granules at the basal end.

24
Q

Villi specializations

A

SM, epithelia, and lymphatic capillaries

25
Q

SM in villi

A

located in lamina propria, help contract lymph

26
Q

Epithelia in Villi

A

microvilli, terminal bars. Simple columnar. Also contain glycoxalyx, which concentrate enzymes.

27
Q

Lympathics in Villi

A

absorb lipids, shuttle to laima propria

28
Q

Duodenum characteristics

A

villiform, Brunner glands

29
Q

Brunner glands

A

submucosal glands that neutralize chyme with alkaline secretions

30
Q

Jejunum

A

contains place circulates and teniae coli, NO GLANDS

31
Q

plicae circulares

A

infoldings of submucosa

32
Q

Ileum

A

can have some place. Contains lymphocytes and peyers patch (with M cells)

33
Q

Colon

A

no villi, crypts, lots of goblet, EE

34
Q

Appendix

A

lymphocytes, no villi, crypts

35
Q

Liver functions

A

metabolic, exocrine, endocrine

36
Q

Liver structure

A

highly cellular, CT capsule, hexagonal lobules, which contain central vein and dual blood supply

37
Q

sinusoids of liver

A

discontinuous epithelium, reticular fibers, overlie Disse region, blood flow

38
Q

Cells in liver

A

hepatocytes, kuffer, Ito

39
Q

Bile caniculi

A

located in between hepatocytes, move bile towards duct

40
Q

Kuffer cells

A

macrophages that can move freely on the lumen side

41
Q

Ito cells

A

store vitamin A, activated by damage

42
Q

Portal tract components

A

Portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct, lymphatics (sometimes)

43
Q

Liver lobule types

A

classic, portal accinus

central vein, triangle from ducts, between central veins (oval)

44
Q

Gall Bladder

A

bile storage/concentration, no MM/submucosa, no goblet, contains false glands

45
Q

false glands

A

continuous with lumen, located in gallbladder

46
Q

Hormones that act on gallbladder/pancreas

A

CCK-contraction

Secretin-Bicarbonate secretion

47
Q

Epithelium of gallbladder

A

simple columnar. They concentrate bile by creating osmotic gradient and absorbing h2o

48
Q

Pancreas exocrine function

A

highly lobulated with septa, contains serous acini which contain zymogen granules. Has inter and intralobular ducts

Exam 3 Histology (4 decks)

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