Cardiology

Question 1

Cardio Functions

Answer 1

Nutrition/metabolic, Protective, Homeostasis

Question 2

Vessel wall organozation

Answer 2

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia

Question 3

tunica intima

Answer 3

always endothelial cells, underlying CT, inner elastic lamina

Question 4

tunica media

Answer 4

smooth muscle, elastic lamina and fibers. eosinophilic

Question 5

tunica adventitia

Answer 5

CT, blood vessels, nerve

Question 6

Avery vs. venous wall

Answer 6

artery is thicker, less smooth muscle in vein

artery is rounder,

Question 7

elastic arteries

Answer 7

endo lining, large variation in size, contain fenestrated elastic lamina, reduce pulsate flow, contain blood/nerve supply

lots of elastic lamina

Question 8

vasa vasorum

Answer 8

vessel of a vessel

Question 9

muscular arteries

Answer 9

lots of SM, inner elastic lamina. some elasticity when large, reduce pulsate flow

Question 10

small arteries

Answer 10

thinner walls, variable elastic lamina presence, nuclei of endo always oriented in direction of blood flow. Nuclei of SM always wrap around vessel

Question 11

Elastic Lamina

Answer 11

in arteries, not in veins

Question 12

arterioles

Answer 12

microcirculation, usually less than 3 SM layers. no elastic laminae, usually associated with nearby venule. Arteriole rounder and more eosinophilic than venule

Question 13

Capillaries

Answer 13

micro circulation, endothelial cells and basal lamina, no TM, no TA, 4-10mm, three kinds

Question 14

microcirculation

Answer 14

capillaries and arterioles

Question 15

Capillary types

Answer 15

continuous, fenestrated, discontinuos

Question 16

continuous capillary

Answer 16

tight junction with endothelial cells, not leaky. MOST capillaries

Question 17

fenestrated capillary

Answer 17

abundant in endocrine glands. small pores where SMALL molecules can escape

Question 18

discontinuous capillary

Answer 18

endothelial cells have large gaps where WBC/RBC can squeeze through. In lymphoid and liver

Question 19

pericytes

Answer 19

cells in capillary basal lamina, regulate permeability. In all blood vessels, Contractile. Have gap junctions with endothelial cells

Question 20

venules

Answer 20

endothelial cell wall. No TM or TA. leaky, where most WBC and lymph exit to CT. HISTAMINE SENSITIVE

Question 21

what area is histamine sensitive

Answer 21

Venules!!

Question 22

Small/medium veins

Answer 22

endothelia cell wall, TM, thick TA. Have valves (in extremities)

Question 23

Large vein

Answer 23

really thick, lots of SM that is LONGITUDINAL- diagnostic

Question 24

portal system

Answer 24

where capillary bed separates two vessels

Question 25

Heart wall layers

Answer 25

epithelium, myo, and endocardium. Also surrounded by pericardium- fluid filled sac.

Question 26

endocardium

Answer 26

separated by myocardium by perking fibers

Question 27

myocardium

Answer 27

cardiac muscle

Question 28

epicardium

Answer 28

lots of fat, flanked by visceral pericardium

Question 29

Coranary artery

Answer 29

in epicardium. Loosing blood supply is BAD

Question 30

Lymphatics

Answer 30

Interstitial fluid is called lymph when it flows into lymphatic capillaries. Leaky junctions.

Question 31

lymph circulation

Answer 31

Lymph transport to back to general circulation via nodes, where antigens are exposed to lymphocytes