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ASM Final > Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Gastroenterology Flashcards

1
Q

ST cold

A
  • Forceful, strong and noisy hiccups History of cold food consumption
  • Epigastric tightness and cold feeling No appetite
  • Clear, profuse urination Loose stools
  • Cold extremities
    Pulses - Slow & tight
    Tongue - Pale with a white coat that may be sticky
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2
Q

ST Fire

A
  • High frequency hiccup
  • Likes cold
  • Large appetite
  • Large cravings (alcohol, spicy foods)
  • Thirsty
  • Constipation
  • Foul breath
  • Concentrated urine
    Pulses - Rapid, strong and maybe slippery
    Tongue - Red tongue with a yellow sticky coat
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3
Q

LV Qi Stagnation

A
  • Absent during sleep (emotional type)
  • Hypochondriac pain
  • Chest stiffness
    Pulse - Wiry, tense
    Tongue - Normal to light purple with a thin white coat
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4
Q

SP Yang Deficiency

A
  • Hiccups are like SOB (very weak) - Constant hiccups
  • Likes heat and pressure
  • Bloating after eating
  • Loose stools with undigested food Cold feeling
    Pulses - Weak, slow & deep
    Tongue - Pale, flabby tongue
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5
Q

ST Yin Deficiency

A
  • Frequent hiccups
  • Weak voice
  • Dry mouth and throat
  • Gastrointestinal Hiccup
    - Thirst
  • Emaciation
  • Night sweats
  • 5 centre heat sensation Malar flush
  • Constipation (pellet stools)
    Pulse - Rapid and thready
    Tongue - Red, small with little or no coat
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6
Q

Initial stages of dysphagia is caused by….

A

phelgm or LV Qi stagnatino

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7
Q

Initial stage

A
  • Different degrees of swallowing problems especially solids
  • “Food gets stuck”
  • Emotional changes
  • Chest pain with cutting pain or burning (heartburn)
  • No problems swallowing liquid
  • Nausea, vomiting, belching and hiccups
    Pulses - Wiry
    Tongue - Red with a normal or sticky coat
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8
Q

Middle stage of dysphagia is caused by…

A

Yin Deficiency

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9
Q

Middle stages

A
  • Trouble swallowing solids and semi-solids
  • Emotional changes
  • Choking cough
  • Constant chest pain
  • Dysphagia
  • Increased phlegm discharge (chocolate covered)
  • Progressive loss of weight (emaciation)
  • Constipation (pellet stools)
  • Scanty urination
    Pulses - Thready
    Tongue - No coating (low Stomach Qi and Yin deficiency)
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10
Q

Advanced stages are caused by…

A

Yang deficiency

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11
Q

Advanced stages

A
  • Terminal condition
  • Full body edema
  • Diarrhea with blood and mucous - SOB
  • Cold extremities
  • Abdominal distention
    Pulses - Weak and slow
    Tongue - Flabby and pale with no coat
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12
Q

Vomiting caused by irregular Food (food intolerance or poor quality)

A
  • Belching
  • Foul breath
  • Feeling better after vomiting
  • Abdominal distention and pain
  • Diarrhea
  • Better after flatus
    Pulses - Strong, slippery
    Tongue - Thick sticky white/yellow coat
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13
Q

Vomiting caused by phlegm dampness

A
  • Eat in the morning, vomit in the evening
  • Not noisy vomit
  • Fatigue
  • Pale face
  • Watery vomit
  • Palpitations
  • Dizziness
  • Abdominal distention
    Pulses - Slippery, weak & soft
    Tongue - Pale, flabby tongue
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14
Q

LV Qi Stagnation

A
  • “Noisy Vomit” – loud sounds
  • Dry vomit
  • Mental irritation
  • Stress
  • Wandering pain
  • Regurgitation
  • Cardiovascular vomit (increased BP vomiting)
    Pulses - Wiry and long
    Tongue - Normal to red/light purple
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15
Q

Vomiting caused by external pathogenic influence

A
  • Watery vomit and diarrhea
  • Headache
  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Projectile vomiting
    Pulses - Superficial and rapid
    Tongue - Red tongue with yellow coat
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16
Q

Abdominal distention excess type is usually caused by

A

Heat

17
Q

Abdominal distension excess

A
  • Persistence of distention and fullness in the abdomen
  • Abdominal pain aggravated by pressure
  • Belching
  • Foul breath
  • Dark yellow urine
  • Constipation
  • Maybe fever
  • Vomiting
    Pulse - Rolling, rapid and forceful
    Tongue - Yellow, thick tongue coat
18
Q

Abdominal distension deficiency type is usually caused by

A

Yang deficiency

19
Q

Abdominal distension deficiency

A
  • Abdominal distention relieved by pressure
  • Borborygmi
  • Loose stools
  • Loss of appetite
  • Lassitude
  • Apathy
  • Clear, profuse urine
    Pulses - Slow and weak
    Tongue - Pale with a white coat
20
Q

Causes for Diarrhea - excess

A

retention of food
damp cold/ heat accumulation
LV Qi attacking the SP

21
Q

causes for diarrhea - deficient

A

SP and ST deficiency

KD Yang deficiency

22
Q

Retention of Food

A
  • Abdominal pain relieved after bowel movements,
  • borborygmi
  • diarrhea with bad odors,
  • epigastric pain with abdominal fullness and distention,
  • belching,
  • anorexia,
  • halitosis
    Tongue: Thick coating
    Pulse: Slippery
23
Q

Damp Cold Accumulation

A
  • Watery diarrhea,
  • abdominal pain worse from pressure,
  • borborygmi,
  • chills,
  • absence of thirst,
  • heaviness feeling
    Tongue: Pale with a thick, sticky white coating
    Pulse: Slow and slippery
24
Q

Damp Heat accumulation

A
  • Abdominal pain, loose stools with yellow mucous and a foul odor,
  • burning sensation in the anus,
  • tenesmus,
  • dark, scanty urine,
  • feverish sensation,
  • increased frequency of stools,
  • thirst
    Tongue: Thick yellow and sticky coating
    Pulse: Slippery (rolling) and rapid
25
Q

LV Qi attacking the SP

A
  • Diarrhea related to emotions,
  • alternation with constipation belching abdominal distention,
  • poor appetite,
  • irritability
    Tongue: Light red tongue sides or may be normal
    Pulse: Wiry
26
Q

SP and ST Deficiency

A
  • Loose stools with undigested food,
  • anorexia,
  • poor appetite,
  • epigastric distress after eating (stomach),
  • fatigue,
  • sallow complexion
    Tongue: Pale with teeth marks
    Pulse: Weak
27
Q

KD Yang Deficiency

A
  • Diarrhea at dawn, abdominal pain,
  • borborygmi that is relieved by bowel movements,
  • abdominal distention,
  • cold limbs,
  • weakness in the back and knees
    Tongue: Pale tongue with a white coating, may be swollen
    Pulse: Deep and weak
28
Q

Constipation - heat type

A
  • Very hard and dry stools
  • Normal in quantity
  • Sometimes blood in stool
  • Abdominal distention (can feel stool in LLQ)
    Pulses - Strong, slippery and rapid
    Tongue - Red with a dry, yellow coat
    
29
Q

Constipation - LU heat

A 
High fever
 Thirst
 Cough
 Bronchitis  
Pneumonia
30
Q

Constipation - ST heat

A

Bad breath
Red eyes
Headache

31
Q

Constipation - Qi Stagnation

A
  • Comes and goes
  • Clinical depression
  • Emotional changes Irritability
  • Menstrual irregularity
    Pulses - Wiry
    Tongue - Thin coat that may be yellow
32
Q

Constipation - deficiency types

A

Qi Deficiency

Blood Deficiency

33
Q

Constipation - Qi Deficiency

A
  • No energy to pass stool
  • Lower abdominal distention
  • Spontaneous sweating
  • SOB,
  • Fatigue
  • Dizziness
  • Loose stools
    Pulses - Weak
    Tongue - Pale
34
Q

Constipation - Blood Deficiency

A
  • Worrying
  • Palpitations
  • Poor memory
  • Dry skin
  • Scanty menses
    Pulses - Thready and weak
    Tongue - Small & pale
35
Q

Constipation - cold type - Yang Deficiency / excess cold

A
  • Difficulty in passing Weight gain
  • Delayed menses
  • Cold limbs
  • Low back pain & Weak knees
  • Smooth, delicate skin
  • Thin hair, light eyebrows
    Pulses - Deep and slow
    Tongue - Pale and flabby
36
Q

Herbs for Heat Type Constipation

A

Ma Zi Ren Wan

Moistens intestines, clears heat, tonifies blood, frees the stool 8 pills tid, po (max 12 pills)

37
Q

Herbs for Cold type constipation

A

Da Huang Fu Zi Tang

Only for cold in the intestines where no deficiency exists

38
Q

IBD are considered what type of condition?

A

Damp heat in the LI

  • can also include SP/ST damp heat, LV/GB damp heat
  • some consider it to be damp heat in the Middle Burner
39
Q

Herbs for IBS

A

Xiao Yao San
(Spreads liver qi, harmonizes the spleen, nourishes blood)
Si Ni San
(Harmonizes the liver and restores yang)
Tong Xie Yao Fang
(Important Formula for Painful Diarrhea; Spreads liver qi and tonifies the spleen)

ASM Final (9 decks)

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