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Pl1002 Integrated Physiology > Gastro Intestinal System > Flashcards

Gastro Intestinal System Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is NOT a stage of digestion?

A) Ingestion
B) Peristalsis
C) Absorption
D) Excretion

A

Answer: D) Excretion
Explanation: The stages of digestion are ingestion, peristalsis, digestion, absorption, and defecation.

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2
Q

Where does the chemical digestion of proteins begin?

A) Mouth
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Large intestine

A

Answer: B) Stomach
Explanation: Chemical digestion of proteins begins in the stomach with the enzyme pepsin.

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3
Q

Which part of the small intestine is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?

A) Duodenum
B) Jejunum
C) Ileum
D) Colon

A

Answer: B) Jejunum
Explanation: The jejunum has many folds and villi, making it the primary site for nutrient absorption.

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4
Q

What is the main role of the duodenum?

A) Absorb nutrients
B) Store bile
C) Complete the first phase of digestion
D) Produce bile

A

Answer: C) Complete the first phase of digestion
Explanation: The duodenum mixes food with digestive enzymes and bile, completing the first phase of digestion.

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5
Q

Which hormone is released in response to stomach distension?

A) Secretin
B) Gastrin
C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D) Insulin

A

Answer: B) Gastrin
Explanation: Gastrin is released in response to stomach distension and stimulates gastric acid secretion.

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6
Q

What is the primary function of bile?

A) Digest proteins
B) Emulsify fats
C) Neutralize stomach acid
D) Stimulate peristalsis

A

Answer: B) Emulsify fats
Explanation: Bile emulsifies fats, making them easier to digest by enzymes.

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7
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for the majority of starch digestion?

A) Salivary amylase
B) Pancreatic amylase
C) Pepsin
D) Lipase

A

Answer: B) Pancreatic amylase
Explanation: Pancreatic amylase is responsible for the majority of starch digestion.

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8
Q

What is the main function of the large intestine?

A) Absorb nutrients
B) Digest proteins
C) Absorb water and electrolytes
D) Secrete digestive enzymes

A

Answer: C) Absorb water and electrolytes
Explanation: The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes, forming and storing feces.

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9
Q

Which cells secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?

A) Chief cells
B) Parietal cells
C) Goblet cells
D) G-cells

A

Answer: B) Parietal cells
Explanation: Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor.

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10
Q

What triggers the cephalic phase of gastric secretion?

A) Presence of food in the stomach
B) Sight, smell, taste, or thought of food
C) Distension of the stomach
D) Presence of chyme in the duodenum

A

Answer: B) Sight, smell, taste, or thought of food
Explanation: The cephalic phase is triggered by the sight, smell, taste, or thought of food and prepares the stomach for digestion.

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11
Q

Which substance converts pepsinogen to pepsin?

A) Bile
B) Hydrochloric acid
C) Amylase
D) Lipase

A

Answer: B) Hydrochloric acid
Explanation: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach converts pepsinogen to its active form, pepsin.

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12
Q

What protects the stomach lining from the acidic environment?

A) Mucous gel layer
B) Bicarbonate secretion
C) Tight junctions between cells
D) All of the above

A

Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: The mucous gel layer, bicarbonate secretion, and tight junctions all protect the stomach lining from the acidic environment.

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13
Q

What is the primary stimulus for the release of cholecystokinin (CCK)?

A) Stomach distension
B) Presence of fats and proteins in the duodenum
C) Low blood glucose levels
D) High blood glucose levels

A

Answer: B) Presence of fats and proteins in the duodenum
Explanation: CCK is released in response to the presence of fats and proteins in the duodenum, stimulating bile and pancreatic enzyme secretion.

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14
Q

Which phase of gastric secretion is controlled by the medulla oblongata?

A) Cephalic phase
B) Gastric phase
C) Intestinal phase
D) None of the above

A

Answer: A) Cephalic phase
Explanation: The cephalic phase is controlled by the medulla oblongata through vagal stimulation.

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15
Q

What is the function of intrinsic factor secreted by the stomach?

A) Digest proteins
B) Absorb vitamin B12
C) Neutralize stomach acid
D) Stimulate peristalsis

A

Answer: B) Absorb vitamin B12
Explanation: Intrinsic factor is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine.

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16
Q

Which enzyme initiates the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth?

A) Pepsin
B) Salivary amylase
C) Pancreatic lipase
D) Trypsin

A

Answer: B) Salivary amylase
Explanation: Salivary amylase initiates the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth.

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17
Q

Which part of the stomach is responsible for mixing and grinding food?

A) Fundus
B) Body
C) Antrum
D) Cardia

A

Answer: C) Antrum
Explanation: The antrum of the stomach is responsible for mixing and grinding food.

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18
Q

Which hormone inhibits gastric secretion and motility?

A) Gastrin
B) Secretin
C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D) Somatostatin

A

Answer: D) Somatostatin
Explanation: Somatostatin inhibits gastric secretion and motility.

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19
Q

What is the role of goblet cells in the stomach?

A) Secrete hydrochloric acid
B) Secrete pepsinogen
C) Secrete mucous
D) Secrete gastrin

A

Answer: C) Secrete mucous
Explanation: Goblet cells in the stomach secrete mucous to protect the lining from acidic gastric juices.

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20
Q

Which phase of gastric secretion is initiated by the presence of chyme in the duodenum?

A) Cephalic phase
B) Gastric phase
C) Intestinal phase
D) None of the above

A

Answer: C) Intestinal phase
Explanation: The intestinal phase is initiated by the presence of chyme in the duodenum, regulating gastric secretion through hormonal and neural responses.

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21
Q

What is the function of Brunner’s glands in the duodenum?

A) Secrete digestive enzymes
B) Secrete alkaline mucous
C) Absorb nutrients
D) Produce bile

A

Answer: B) Secrete alkaline mucous
Explanation: Brunner’s glands secrete alkaline mucous to protect the intestinal wall and neutralize acidic chyme.

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22
Q

Which of the following increases the surface area for absorption in the small intestine?

A) Villi
B) Microvilli
C) Circular folds
D) All of the above

A

Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Villi, microvilli, and circular folds all increase the surface area for absorption in the small intestine.

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23
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down lactose?

A) Sucrase
B) Maltase
C) Lactase
D) Amylase

A

Answer: C) Lactase
Explanation: Lactase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose.

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24
Q

Where does the absorption of vitamin B12 primarily occur?

A) Duodenum
B) Jejunum
C) Ileum
D) Colon

A

Answer: C) Ileum
Explanation: The absorption of vitamin B12 primarily occurs in the ileum, with the help of intrinsic factor.

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25
Q

Which hormone stimulates the release of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice?

A) Gastrin
B) Secretin
C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D) Insulin

A

Answer: B) Secretin
Explanation: Secretin stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich juice, neutralizing acidic chyme.

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26
Q

Which section of the small intestine is the longest?

A) Duodenum
B) Jejunum
C) Ileum
D) Colon

A

Answer: C) Ileum
Explanation: The ileum is the longest section of the small intestine, responsible for absorbing nutrients and bile acids.

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27
Q

What is the primary function of the enteric nervous system?

A) Control voluntary muscle movements
B) Regulate digestive functions
C) Produce digestive enzymes
D) Absorb nutrients

A

Answer: B) Regulate digestive functions
Explanation: The enteric nervous system regulates digestive functions, including motility and secretion.

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28
Q

Which nutrient is primarily absorbed in the jejunum?

A) Proteins
B) Carbohydrates
C) Fats
D) All of the above

A

Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: The jejunum absorbs proteins, carbohydrates, and fats due to its extensive surface area and numerous villi.

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29
Q

What is the role of chylomicrons in fat absorption?

A) Break down fats
B) Emulsify fats
C) Transport fats into the lymphatic system
D) Stimulate bile production

A

Answer: C) Transport fats into the lymphatic system
Explanation: Chylomicrons transport absorbed fats into the lymphatic system, bypassing the liver initially.

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30
Q

Which enzyme breaks down proteins in the small intestine?

A) Pepsin
B) Trypsin
C) Amylase
D) Lipase

A

Answer: B) Trypsin
Explanation: Trypsin, secreted by the pancreas, breaks down proteins in the small intestine.

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31
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

A) Detoxification
B) Glycogen storage
C) Production of bile
D) Secretion of digestive enzymes

A

Answer: D) Secretion of digestive enzymes
Explanation: The liver does not secrete digestive enzymes; it produces bile and performs detoxification, glycogen storage, and other metabolic functions.

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32
Q

Which cells in the pancreas secrete insulin?

A) Alpha cells
B) Beta cells
C) Delta cells
D) Acinar cells

A

Answer: B) Beta cells
Explanation: Beta cells in the pancreas secrete insulin.

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33
Q

What is the main role of bile salts in digestion?

A) Break down proteins
B) Emulsify fats
C) Neutralize stomach acid
D) Stimulate peristalsis

A

Answer: B) Emulsify fats
Explanation: Bile salts emulsify fats, facilitating their digestion and absorption.

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34
Q

Which hormone stimulates bile secretion from the liver?

A) Gastrin
B) Secretin
C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D) Insulin

A

Answer: B) Secretin
Explanation: Secretin stimulates bile secretion from the liver.

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35
Q

What is the function of the Kupffer cells in the liver?

A) Produce bile
B) Detoxify blood
C) Store glycogen
D) Act as macrophages

A

Answer: D) Act as macrophages
Explanation: Kupffer cells act as macrophages, engulfing pathogens and debris in the liver.

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36
Q

Which component of bile is responsible for the breakdown of fat?

A) Bile pigments
B) Bile salts
C) Cholesterol
D) Lecithin

A

Answer: B) Bile salts
Explanation: Bile salts are responsible for emulsifying fats, facilitating their breakdown and absorption.

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37
Q

Which enzyme is NOT produced by the pancreas?

A) Trypsin
B) Lipase
C) Amylase
D) Pepsin

A

Answer: D) Pepsin
Explanation: Pepsin is produced in the stomach, not the pancreas.

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38
Q

What stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes into the duodenum?

A) Gastrin
B) Secretin
C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D) Insulin

A

Answer: C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Explanation: CCK stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes into the duodenum.

39
Q

Which structure in the liver allows blood from the portal vein and hepatic artery to mix?

A) Sinusoids
B) Bile canaliculi
C) Central vein
D) Hepatocytes

A

Answer: A) Sinusoids
Explanation: Sinusoids in the liver allow blood from the portal vein and hepatic artery to mix, facilitating nutrient and oxygen exchange.

40
Q

Which hormone regulates the release of glucose from the liver?

A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Somatostatin
D) Secretin

A

Answer: B) Glucagon
Explanation: Glucagon regulates the release of glucose from the liver by stimulating glycogen breakdown.

41
Q

Which of the following is NOT absorbed in the large intestine?

A) Water
B) Electrolytes
C) Vitamins
D) Proteins

A

Answer: D) Proteins
Explanation: Proteins are not absorbed in the large intestine; they are absorbed in the small intestine.

42
Q

What initiates the defecation reflex?

A) Presence of food in the stomach
B) Distension of the rectum
C) Secretion of bile
D) Absorption of water

A

Answer: B) Distension of the rectum
Explanation: The defecation reflex is initiated by the distension of the rectum.

43
Q

Which bacteria in the large intestine are involved in the production of vitamin K?

A) Lactobacillus
B) Escherichia coli
C) Streptococcus
D) Clostridium

A

Answer: B) Escherichia coli
Explanation: Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the large intestine are involved in the production of vitamin K.

44
Q

Which muscle layer is unique to the large intestine and aids in forming haustra?

A) Circular muscle
B) Longitudinal muscle
C) Taenia coli
D) Muscularis mucosae

A

Answer: C) Taenia coli
Explanation: The taenia coli are longitudinal muscle bands that aid in forming haustra in the large intestine.

45
Q

Which type of movement occurs in the large intestine to mix contents and promote absorption?

A) Segmentation
B) Peristalsis
C) Haustral churning
D) Mass peristalsis

A

Answer: C) Haustral churning
Explanation: Haustral churning occurs in the large intestine to mix contents and promote absorption of water and electrolytes.

46
Q

What is the primary component of feces?

A) Undigested food
B) Bacterial products
C) Sloughed off epithelial cells
D) All of the above

A

Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Feces consist of undigested food, bacterial products, and sloughed off epithelial cells.

47
Q

Which vitamin is produced by bacterial action in the large intestine?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin K
D) Vitamin D

A

Answer: C) Vitamin K
Explanation: Vitamin K is produced by bacterial action in the large intestine.

48
Q

What regulates the opening of the internal anal sphincter?

A) Voluntary control
B) Parasympathetic input
C) Sympathetic input
D) Hormonal regulation

A

Answer: B) Parasympathetic input
Explanation: The internal anal sphincter is regulated by parasympathetic input during the defecation reflex.

49
Q

Which part of the large intestine absorbs the most water?

A) Cecum
B) Ascending colon
C) Transverse colon
D) Descending colon

A

Answer: B) Ascending colon
Explanation: The ascending colon absorbs the most water as chyme transitions into feces.

50
Q

What triggers mass peristalsis in the large intestine?

A) Presence of food in the stomach
B) Distension of the rectum
C) Presence of chyme in the small intestine
D) Absorption of water

A

Answer: A) Presence of food in the stomach
Explanation: The presence of food in the stomach triggers mass peristalsis in the large intestine, known as the gastrocolic reflex.

51
Q

What is a common cause of peptic ulcers?

A) Excessive bile production
B) Helicobacter pylori infection
C) High-fiber diet
D) Low stomach acid

A

Answer: B) Helicobacter pylori infection
Explanation: Helicobacter pylori infection is a common cause of peptic ulcers due to its ability to damage the stomach lining.

52
Q

Which condition is characterized by chronic inflammation of the digestive tract, often affecting the ileum and colon?

A) Celiac disease
B) Crohn’s disease
C) Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
D) Lactose intolerance

A

Answer: B) Crohn’s disease
Explanation: Crohn’s disease is characterized by chronic inflammation of the digestive tract, often affecting the ileum and colon.

53
Q

Which of the following is a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

A) Diarrhea
B) Heartburn
C) Constipation
D) Abdominal bloating

A

Answer: B) Heartburn
Explanation: Heartburn is a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

54
Q

Which part of the GI tract is primarily affected by ulcerative colitis?

A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Esophagus

A

Answer: C) Large intestine
Explanation: Ulcerative colitis primarily affects the large intestine, causing inflammation and ulcers.

55
Q

Which condition results from an inability to digest gluten?

A) Crohn’s disease
B) Ulcerative colitis
C) Celiac disease
D) Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

Answer: C) Celiac disease
Explanation: Celiac disease results from an inability to digest gluten, leading to damage of the small intestine.

56
Q

What is the main cause of gallstones?

A) High cholesterol levels
B) Low fiber diet
C) High calcium intake
D) Excessive bile production

A

Answer: A) High cholesterol levels
Explanation: High cholesterol levels can lead to the formation of gallstones by causing cholesterol to crystallize in bile.

57
Q

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

A) Abdominal pain
B) Diarrhea
C) Vomiting
D) Constipation

A

Answer: C) Vomiting
Explanation: Vomiting is not typically associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); common symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation.

58
Q

Which disorder is characterized by inflammation and infection of the appendix?

A) Diverticulitis
B) Appendicitis
C) Celiac disease
D) Crohn’s disease

A

Answer: B) Appendicitis
Explanation: Appendicitis is characterized by inflammation and infection of the appendix, often requiring surgical removal.

59
Q

What is a potential complication of prolonged vomiting?

A) Metabolic acidosis
B) Metabolic alkalosis
C) Hypoglycemia
D) Hyperkalemia

A

Answer: B) Metabolic alkalosis
Explanation: Prolonged vomiting can lead to metabolic alkalosis due to the loss of gastric acid.

60
Q

Which of the following conditions involves outpouchings of the colonic mucosa and submucosa?

A) Crohn’s disease
B) Ulcerative colitis
C) Diverticulosis
D) Celiac disease

A

Answer: C) Diverticulosis
Explanation: Diverticulosis involves outpouchings of the colonic mucosa and submucosa, which can become inflamed in diverticulitis.

61
Q

What triggers the vomiting reflex?

A) Activation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)
B) High blood glucose levels
C) Presence of chyme in the duodenum
D) Absorption of nutrients

A

Answer: A) Activation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)
Explanation: Activation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in the brainstem triggers the vomiting reflex.

62
Q

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of vomiting?

A) Motion sickness
B) Bacterial toxins
C) High-fiber diet
D) Emotional stress

A

Answer: C) High-fiber diet
Explanation: A high-fiber diet is not a common cause of vomiting; motion sickness, bacterial toxins, and emotional stress can all trigger vomiting.

63
Q

Which neurotransmitter is involved in the vomiting reflex?

A) Dopamine
B) Serotonin (5-HT)
C) Acetylcholine
D) Norepinephrine

A

Answer: B) Serotonin (5-HT)
Explanation: Serotonin (5-HT) is involved in the vomiting reflex, particularly in response to cytotoxic drugs and other triggers.

64
Q

What can prolonged vomiting lead to, besides metabolic alkalosis?

A) Dehydration
B) Hypoglycemia
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Weight gain

A

Answer: A) Dehydration
Explanation: Prolonged vomiting can lead to dehydration due to the loss of fluids.

65
Q

Which part of the brain coordinates the vomiting reflex?

A) Medulla oblongata
B) Hypothalamus
C) Cerebellum
D) Thalamus

A

Answer: A) Medulla oblongata
Explanation: The medulla oblongata coordinates the vomiting reflex.

66
Q

Which type of drug is commonly used to prevent chemotherapy-induced vomiting?

A) Antihistamines
B) Serotonin receptor antagonists
C) Beta-blockers
D) Proton pump inhibitors

A

Answer: B) Serotonin receptor antagonists
Explanation: Serotonin receptor antagonists are commonly used to prevent chemotherapy-induced vomiting by blocking the action of serotonin on the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ).

67
Q

What is the main effect of reverse peristalsis during vomiting?

A) Move chyme towards the duodenum
B) Propel stomach contents towards the mouth
C) Increase gastric motility
D) Absorb nutrients

A

Answer: B) Propel stomach contents towards the mouth
Explanation: Reverse peristalsis propels stomach contents towards the mouth during vomiting.

68
Q

Which condition can result from the aspiration of vomit?

A) Pneumonia
B) Peptic ulcer
C) Diverticulitis
D) Appendicitis

A

Answer: A) Pneumonia
Explanation: Aspiration of vomit can lead to pneumonia due to the inhalation of gastric contents into the lungs.

69
Q

Which medication is often used to treat motion sickness-induced vomiting?

A) Ondansetron
B) Scopolamine
C) Metoclopramide
D) Omeprazole

A

Answer: B) Scopolamine
Explanation: Scopolamine is commonly used to treat motion sickness-induced vomiting by acting on the vestibular system.

70
Q

Which of the following can trigger vomiting through the limbic system?

A) Pain
B) Bacterial toxins
C) High-fiber diet
D) Low blood glucose levels

A

Answer: A) Pain
Explanation: Pain can trigger vomiting through the limbic system, which processes emotions and stress responses.

71
Q

Which hormone stimulates gastric acid secretion?

A) Gastrin
B) Secretin
C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D) Insulin

A

Answer: A) Gastrin
Explanation: Gastrin stimulates gastric acid secretion in the stomach.

72
Q

What is the role of the enteric nervous system in the GI tract?

A) Control voluntary muscle movements
B) Regulate digestive functions
C) Produce digestive enzymes
D) Absorb nutrients

A

Answer: B) Regulate digestive functions
Explanation: The enteric nervous system regulates digestive functions, including motility and secretion.

73
Q

Which neurotransmitter is primarily excitatory in the GI tract?

A) Dopamine
B) Acetylcholine
C) Serotonin
D) Norepinephrine

A

Answer: B) Acetylcholine
Explanation: Acetylcholine is primarily excitatory in the GI tract, promoting motility and secretion.

74
Q

Which hormone is released in response to the presence of fats and proteins in the duodenum?

A) Gastrin
B) Secretin
C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D) Insulin

A

Answer: C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Explanation: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is released in response to the presence of fats and proteins in the duodenum, stimulating bile and pancreatic enzyme secretion.

75
Q

What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the GI tract?

A) Increases motility
B) Increases secretion
C) Decreases motility
D) Increases absorption

A

Answer: C) Decreases motility
Explanation: Sympathetic stimulation decreases motility in the GI tract, reducing digestive activity.

76
Q

Which hormone stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate from the pancreas?

A) Gastrin
B) Secretin
C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D) Insulin

A

Answer: B) Secretin
Explanation: Secretin stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate from the pancreas, neutralizing acidic chyme.

77
Q

Which peptide hormone is produced by G-cells in the stomach?

A) Secretin
B) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
C) Gastrin
D) Motilin

A

Answer: C) Gastrin
Explanation: Gastrin is produced by G-cells in the stomach and stimulates gastric acid secretion.

78
Q

What effect does parasympathetic stimulation have on the GI tract?

A) Decreases motility
B) Decreases secretion
C) Increases motility
D) Decreases absorption

A

Answer: C) Increases motility
Explanation: Parasympathetic stimulation increases motility and secretion in the GI tract, promoting digestion.

79
Q

Which hormone inhibits gastric secretion and motility?

A) Gastrin
B) Secretin
C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D) Somatostatin

A

Answer: D) Somatostatin
Explanation: Somatostatin inhibits gastric secretion and motility.

80
Q

What triggers the release of motilin?

A) Presence of food in the stomach
B) Fasting state
C) High blood glucose levels
D) Presence of chyme in the duodenum

A

Answer: B) Fasting state
Explanation: Motilin is released during the fasting state and stimulates migrating motor complexes in the GI tract.

81
Q

Where does the absorption of amino acids primarily occur?

A) Stomach
B) Duodenum
C) Jejunum
D) Ileum

A

Answer: C) Jejunum
Explanation: The absorption of amino acids primarily occurs in the jejunum, where the majority of nutrient absorption takes place.

82
Q

Which vitamin is absorbed in the ileum with the help of intrinsic factor?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D

A

Answer: B) Vitamin B12
Explanation: Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the ileum with the help of intrinsic factor.

83
Q

What is the primary site of carbohydrate digestion?

A) Mouth
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Large intestine

A

Answer: C) Small intestine
Explanation: The primary site of carbohydrate digestion is the small intestine, where enzymes like pancreatic amylase break down carbohydrates.

84
Q

Which form of transport is used for glucose absorption in the small intestine?

A) Simple diffusion
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Active transport
D) Endocytosis

A

Answer: C) Active transport
Explanation: Glucose absorption in the small intestine occurs through active transport, specifically via the sodium-glucose co-transporter.

85
Q

Which part of the small intestine absorbs bile acids and vitamin B12?

A) Duodenum
B) Jejunum
C) Ileum
D) Colon

A

Answer: C) Ileum
Explanation: The ileum absorbs bile acids and vitamin B12.

86
Q

What is the main function of the lacteals in the small intestine?

A) Absorb carbohydrates
B) Absorb proteins
C) Absorb fats
D) Absorb vitamins

A

Answer: C) Absorb fats
Explanation: Lacteals in the small intestine absorb fats, transporting them as chylomicrons into the lymphatic system.

87
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down triglycerides in the small intestine?

A) Pepsin
B) Amylase
C) Lipase
D) Trypsin

A

Answer: C) Lipase
Explanation: Lipase, produced by the pancreas, is responsible for breaking down triglycerides in the small intestine.

88
Q

What stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas?

A) Gastrin
B) Secretin
C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D) Insulin

A

Answer: C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Explanation: Cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas.

89
Q

Which component of bile helps in the absorption of fats?

A) Bile pigments
B) Bile salts
C) Cholesterol
D) Lecithin

A

Answer: B) Bile salts
Explanation: Bile salts help in the absorption of fats by emulsifying them, facilitating their digestion and absorption.

90
Q

Which vitamin is absorbed primarily in the small intestine and requires fat for its absorption?

A) Vitamin B12
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin K

A

Answer: D) Vitamin K
Explanation: Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin absorbed primarily in the small intestine.

91
Q

Which type of cell secretes mucus in the GI tract?

A) Parietal cells
B) Chief cells
C) Goblet cells
D) Enteroendocrine cells

A

Answer: C) Goblet cells
Explanation: Goblet cells secrete mucus in the GI tract, providing a protective layer for the epithelium.

92
Q

Which part of the GI tract has a mucosal barrier to prevent self-digestion?

A) Mouth
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Large intestine

A

Answer: B) Stomach
Explanation: The stomach has a mucosal barrier to prevent self-digestion by its acidic environment.

93
Q

Which enzyme is activated by enterokinase in the small intestine?

A) Amylase
B) Lipase
C) Trypsinogen
D) Pepsinogen

A

Answer: C) Trypsinogen
Explanation: Enterokinase activates trypsinogen to trypsin in the small intestine, which then activates other proteolytic enzymes.

Pl1002 Integrated Physiology (7 decks)

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