Gastro Intestinal

Question 1

What type of viruses are the main cause of diarhoea

Answer 1

Enteric viruses

Question 2

What age group do enteric viruses affect the most and why?

Answer 2

children

less common in adults due to acquired immunity

Question 3

How many days incubation typically is GI disease?

What does it lead to (2 symptoms)

Answer 3

1-2 days

Diarrhoea

Projectile Vomiting

Question 4

Which type of virus is the most common cause of GI

Answer 4

Rotavirus (type A =90%)

Question 5

What part of the intestine does the rota virus affect? What does it lead to for the stools?

Answer 5

upper small intestine = watery stools

Question 6

whats the symptoms for the first part of rotavirus GI?

Answer 6

initially symptomless

Question 7

what route is the Rotavirus transmitted by?

Answer 7

Faecal oral route

Question 8

Rotavirus is part of what family

Answer 8

Reoviridae

Question 9

What is the structure of rotavirus?

Answer 9

70nm

Wheel shape

Linear dsRNA (18kb in 11 segments)

Question 10

What diagnosis is done for Rotavirus what antigen? Whats difficult to do for traditional diagnosis

Answer 10

ELISA for stool sample VP6

Cell culture difficult to do

Question 11

What group adeno virus affects GI?

What group adeno affects respiratory system

Answer 11

F

B/C

Question 12

What diagnosis is done for adeno virus ANTIGENS

Answer 12

ELISA for Hexon antigens

Clinician + symptoms presenting

Question 13

structure of adeno virus

Answer 13

80-110nm / Icosahedral / linear dsDNA 36kb

Question 14

What age group does the astrovirus mainly affect?

where do outbreaks mainly occur for astroviruses

Answer 14

Children

Hospitals / families

Question 15

whats the astrovirus similar to? what does it differ by?

Answer 15

SRSV

different virions

Question 16

How many serotypes of astroviruses are present?

can it be grown on TC

Answer 16

5 serotypes

difficult to grow on TC

Question 17

Structure of Astrovirus

What antigen is detected in ELISA?

Answer 17

30nm / 5-6 pointed star / positive ssRNA 7kb

VP26

Question 18

Name a SRSV

What is it a part of?

Answer 18

norovirus

Part of calicivirus family

Question 19

What two conditions arise from Norovirus?

What is the incubation time for Norvirus

Answer 19

Winter vomiting disease / Diarrhoea

24-48 hr incubation

Question 20

What are 3 general symptoms from norovirus

Answer 20

Ab cramp // vomiting // low grade fever

Question 21

no ….. generally with norovirus

Answer 21

sequelae

Question 22

Route of transmission of norovirus (2)

Answer 22

Faecal oral route

Environment w/vomitus

Question 23

Outbreaks of norovirus are associated with?

Answer 23

shellfish + water

Question 24

Structure of norovirus

Answer 24

linear ssRNA 7kb // cup like indents // 23-40nm

Question 25

How is norovirus diagnosed

Answer 25

Doesnt grow on culture PCR / EM used

Question 26

Whats happening to the number of cases for norovirus where is there a hotspot for norovirus

Answer 26

increasing number of cases common on cruise ships

Question 27

Astroviruses number of cases are? What type of climate is associated with an increase in infections during winter?

Answer 27

decreasing temperate climate

Question 28

Whats happening to the number of cases of rota viruses cases?

Answer 28

consistent but seasonal variation in winter Endemic Worldwide

Question 29

Testing for MAB / development of vaccines has improved for norovirus why? (medical economics 2018)

Answer 29

organic intestinal cultures created norovirus struggles to grow on TC so needs organic environment

Question 30

What does the rotavirus produce that makes it pathogenic?

Answer 30

Enterotoxin

Question 31

What does the Astrovirus do that makes it pathogenic?

Answer 31

Destroys the intestinal epithelium

Question 32

What are the two problems that arrise with vaccines for rotavirus

Answer 32

reassortment Intussusception

Question 33

Why is reinfection more common in norovirus

Answer 33

short incubation time + short time being pathogenic means it causes a brief immunity

Question 34

What sort of vaccine is given for rota virus What does this give?

Answer 34

Oral live attenuated vaccine Gut immunity