Gastro (E2) Flashcards
What is the best imaging modality for the oral segment of the GIT?
CT
Which nerves prehend food and form a bolus?
CN V (Trigeminal)
CN VII (Facial)
CN XII (Hypoglossal)
Which nerves propel the bolus along the pharynx, close the larynx, and inhibit breathing when the UES sphincter opens?
CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
CN XI (Accessory)
What are 2 congenital diseases that affect the pharynx?
Cricopharyngeal-achalasia
Esophageal dysmotility
T/F: You should sedate your patient to perform an oropharyngeal exam.
True
What disorder the 2M Antibody Assay for?
Masticatory Muscle Myositis
How does the esophagus differ in dogs and cats?
Dogs have striated muscle throughout
Cats have smooth muscle at the distal aspect
Which advanced imaging modality can be used to evaluate esophageal persitalsis and swallowing phases? Is sedation required?
Fluroscopy
No to minimal sedation
Which esophageal lesion that can be caused by PRAA can cause impactions, esophagitis, rupture, and pyothorax if the lesion is large?
Esophageal Diverticulae
You have a young GSD showing esophageal issues which do not respond to medical therapy. Otherwise the dog is normal. What disease might be present?
Myasthenia gravis
Which endocrine disorders have been associated with megaesophagus?
Hypothyroidism
Addision’s Disease
Name one condition where it would be inappropriate to place an esophagostomy tube. What can you place instead?
Esophagitis
PEG tube
What is food that is semi-solid and ‘soapy’ in the area of the duodenum called?
Chyme
Which hormone stimulates the secretion of gastric acid and intrinsic factor, as well as pepsinogen? It also promotes gastric and intestinal motility as well as mucosal growth. From where is it released?
Gastrin
Released from gastric antrum, G-cells (duodenum) and the pancreas
Which hormone inhibits the secretion or action of various hormones, including secretin, CCK, VIP, and gastrin? From where is it released?
Somatostatin
Stomach, small intestines, and D-cells (pancreas)
Which layer of the stomach provides nutritional support to the mucosa? What is another frunction of this layer?
Lamina propria
Immune system cells
What substances do neuroendocrine cells release?
Enterocromafin (Serotonin, Histamine)
Somatostatin
Gastrin
The parietal cells of the stomach release gastric acid as well as intrinsic factor. Where does most intrinsic factor come from in the dog?
Pancreas
Which enzyme aids in the digestion of protein in the stomach? Fat?
Pepsin
Gastric lipase
T/F: Fatty meals pass throught the stomach faster that meals low in fat, partly because fat lubricates the stomach.
False, super false
Fat slows movement so lipase has time to work
T/F: You should start reintroducing food and water slowly but as soon as possible to a patient with acute gastritis.
True
What is the basic treatment protocol for food bloat?
Fluids
Withhold food
Walk frequently
Pain management
+/- Lavage
+/- Surgery
BUN elevation without CRE elevation = ______
GI bleed
What is the treatment protocol (including specific drugs) for Helicobacter Gastritis?
Amoxicillin + Metronidazole + Omeprazole (or Pepcid)
Other antibiotics: Tetracycline (broad-spec), Macrolides (better for g+: Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin)
TRIPLE THERAPY
What can you use to treat roundworms?
Fenbendazole
or
Pyrantel pamoate
What drug is used to treat physalloptera?
Pyrantel pamoate (2 doses, 2 weeks apart)
What drug is used to treat Ollulanus tricuspsi? What species does this parasite affect?
Fenbendaszole
Cats
What drugs are used to treat Pythiosis?
Terbinafine and Intraconazole
What is the primary cell infiltrate in inflammatory gastritis?
Lymphoplasmacytic
What is the typical signalment for a dog with hypertrophic gastropathy?
Older small breed dog (Lhasa Apso, Shih Tzu)
What neuroendocrine disease causes chronic vomiting, increased gastrin levels, and reflux esophagitis? Where is the primary pathology located?
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (Gastrinoma)
Tumor in pancreas (usually)
What disease of the stomach causes early morning vomiting of bile usually in young dogs?
Bilious Vomiting Syndrome
