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SAM 2 scs RUSVM > Dermatology (E1) > Flashcards

Dermatology (E1) Flashcards

1
Q

Which last longer, primary or secondary dermatology lesions?

A

Secondary

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2
Q

Which primary skin lesions are >1cm large?

A

Patches
Plaques
Bulla

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3
Q

What is a flat spot <1cm on the skin with a change in color? What if it is >1cm? Primary or secondary lesion?

A

Macule

Plaque

Primary

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4
Q

What primary skin lesion term describes a mosquito bite?

A

Papule

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5
Q

What do you call a sharply delineated lesion of edema?

A

Wheal

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6
Q

What is the genetic defect that results in the collagen fibers in the skin having an abnormal structure resulting in weak skin that is extremely stretchy?

A

Cutaneous asthenia (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Collagen dysplasia)

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7
Q

What type of skin scrape would you do to look for sarcoptes or notoedres?

A

Superficial skin scrape

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8
Q

What test would you perform to look for hyphae or spores from ringworm or to look for lice?

A

Trichogram

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9
Q

What quick test can you perform to look for bacteria, fungi and yeast on the surface of the skin?

A

Scotch tape test

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10
Q

What range of needle gauges can you use to perform FNA?

A

21-23G

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11
Q

What do you call a type of macule caused by bleeding into the skin?

A

Purpura, petechia or echymoses

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12
Q

How long must a Woods lamp be on before using it? Why?

A

5-10min

Correct wavelength must be reached

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13
Q

Which of the following is NOT an indication for performing a culture for bacterial pyoderma?

  • Cytology showing a mixed population or just rods
  • Deep pyoderma
  • Unresponsive cocci infection despite correct antibiotic use
  • Severe bleeding and swelling that is unresponsive to treatment
  • GSD pyoderma
A

Severe bleeding and swelling that is unresponsive to treatment

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14
Q

What is the Gold Standard for identifying environmental allergens?

A

Intradermal allergy testing

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15
Q

What is allergy testing serology not reliable for?

A

Food

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16
Q

If you do not see fleas on a patient but suspect FAD, what other test can you perform? What is the definitive diagnostic test?

A

Flea dirt test

Flea antigen test (involving 3 injections- negative control, positive control and flea allergen)

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17
Q

What do you cal at coalition of papules forming a flat-topped elevation?

A

Plaque

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18
Q

What do you call an accumulation of keratin and sebaceous material stuck to a hair shaft?

A

Follicular cast

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19
Q

What is the difference between an erosion and an ulcer?

A

An ulcer is a break in stratum basale with exposure of the dermis, while an erosion is shallow and doesn’t break the basal layer

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20
Q

What does it indicate if your DTM media turns red at the same time that the dermatophyte colony appears?
What if it appears a few days after the colony appears?

A

Pathogenic fungus

Non-pathogenic/saprophytic fungus

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21
Q

What can cause false positives with a Woods lamp?

A

Keratin scales
Soaps
Dyes
Certain medications

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22
Q

What is used for the positive and negative controls in intradermal allergy testing?

A

Positive- Histamine, Negative-Saline

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23
Q

What do you call a small elevation of epidermis filled with pus? Filled with clear fluid?

A

Pustule

Vesicle

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24
Q

What is the accumulation of loose fragments of the horny layer of skin called?

A

Scale

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25
Q

What do you call a linear abrasion of the skin? Is this a primary or secondary lesion? What if the linear lesion cleaves the epidermis or dermis, what is that called? Is that primary or secondary?

A

Excoriation- secondary

Fissure- secondary

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26
Q

What is the unpleasant sensation of the skin that provokes the urge to scratch? Also spell it.

A

PRURITIS

Prur-itis

27
Q

Name 2 commensal organisms found on dog skin.

A

Staph pseudintermedius
Malassezia

Cryptococcus
Epiccocum
Candida

28
Q

What is the secondary lesion that involves thickening and hardening of the skin called?

A

Lichinification

29
Q

What do you call a >1cm solid raised palpable lesion that could include an abscess? Also, what is an abscess?

A

Nodule

Abscess- fluctuant lesion in dermis or SQ from pus

30
Q

What type of skin scrape would you do to look for most demodex species in dogs?

A

Deep skin scrape

31
Q

What do you apply to the edge of the scotch tape from your tape test once it is on the slide to visualize organisms?

A

Diff-quick stain #3

32
Q

What is the medical term for an allergic hypersensitivity reaction caused by aeroallergens?

A

Atopy

33
Q

What do the fungi that fluoresce with UV light produce? What part of the hair fluoresces?

A

Typtophan metabolites

The hair shaft

34
Q

What does allergy testing serology rely on? What types of antibodies does it detect?

A

Antigen-specific antibody levels

IgE

35
Q

What lesion are dogs with Cushing’s and Hypothyroidism prone to?

A

Comodone (dilated hair follicle filled with debris)

36
Q

What do you call an epithelial lined cavity with solid or fluid material?

A

Cyst

37
Q

If your canine patient is severely pruritic, especially on the elbows and ears, what do you suspect?

A

Sarcoptic mange

38
Q

What is the most common cause of pruritis?

A

Fleas

39
Q

If pruiritis occurs prior to visible lesions, which 2 conditions should you consider?

A

Allergies

Scabies

40
Q

Cats with FAD can present with _____ dermatitis.

A

Miliary

41
Q

What is the scientific name for canine/feline fleas?

A

Ctenocephalides canis / felis

42
Q

T/F: 95% of a flea population and flea dirt is found in the environment.

A

True

43
Q

What is nitenpyram? How long does it take to take effect? How long does it last?

A

Capstar

17-30 minutes until all fleas are dead

24 hours

44
Q

If you have a flea infestation, what do you call the areas where pets spends most of their time, such as bedding and resting areas or feeding locations?

A

Source points

45
Q

What type of immune response (humoral or cell mediated) occurs with atopy?

A

Humoral

46
Q

What is the age on onset for atopy?

A

4m - 7y (most 1-3 years)

47
Q

Antihistamines and essential fatty acids should be avoided ____weeks/days/months before intradermal allergy testing. Oral and topical steroids should also be avoided for at least 1 month.

A

2 weeks

48
Q

What do you call an accumulation of dried serum and exudate on the surface of the skin?

A

Crust

49
Q

If you canine patient is licking and chewing its feet, which 2 conditions do you suspect?

A

Food allergy

Atopy

50
Q

What type of immunoglobulin is produced in a FAD reaction?

A

IgE

51
Q

What are some breeds predisposed to atopic dermatitis?

A

WHWT, Dalmatians, Goldens, Setters

52
Q

If you perform an allergy test and the test sites are raised and causing disease what is this called? What if they are not causing disease?

A

Allergy

Subclinical hypersensitivity

53
Q

What is the first choice antihistamine to use to treat atopy? What is the second choice?

A

Hydroxyzine

Chlorpheniramine

54
Q

What are the 3 most pruritic diseases?

A

Scabies, FAD, Food allergy

55
Q

If the pruiritis occurs after the lesions, which 2 conditions should you consider?

A

Demodecosis

Dermatophytosis

56
Q

What type of hypersisitivity reaction in FAD? What causes the reaction?

A

Type I

Flea saliva

57
Q

_______ is the most common cause of primary otitis.

A

Atopic dermatitis/atopy

58
Q

What are the three possible therapies for atopy/AD?

A

ASIT (allergen-specific immunotherapy)
Allergen avoidance
Symptomatic relief

59
Q

Which drug that is highly effective in symptomatically treating atopy must be given for at least 6 weeks and has anti-allergic as well as immunosuppresive properties?

A

Cyclosporin A (Atopica)

60
Q

What Janus kinase inhibitor is used to symptomatically treat atopy by preventing nerve conduction?

A

Oclacitinib (Apoquel)

61
Q

What secondary lesion is associated with a pustule, vesicle or bullae?

A

Epidermal collarette

62
Q

T/F: When adding fatty acid supplementation to the treatment protocol for a dog on steroids for atopy, a higher dose of the steroid must be used.

A

False, lower- has steroid sparing effect.

63
Q

What is the basic therapeutic plan for treating FAD with severe pruiritis?

A

Flea control and once pyodermais eliminated give Corticosteroids at a low dose for 3 days

64
Q

What symptomatic treatment for atopy purportedly restores the epidermal barrier?

A

Skin lipid therapy/complex

SAM 2 scs RUSVM (14 decks)

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