Dermatology (E1) Flashcards
Which last longer, primary or secondary dermatology lesions?
Secondary
Which primary skin lesions are >1cm large?
Patches
Plaques
Bulla
What is a flat spot <1cm on the skin with a change in color? What if it is >1cm? Primary or secondary lesion?
Macule
Plaque
Primary
What primary skin lesion term describes a mosquito bite?
Papule
What do you call a sharply delineated lesion of edema?
Wheal
What is the genetic defect that results in the collagen fibers in the skin having an abnormal structure resulting in weak skin that is extremely stretchy?
Cutaneous asthenia (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Collagen dysplasia)
What type of skin scrape would you do to look for sarcoptes or notoedres?
Superficial skin scrape
What test would you perform to look for hyphae or spores from ringworm or to look for lice?
Trichogram
What quick test can you perform to look for bacteria, fungi and yeast on the surface of the skin?
Scotch tape test
What range of needle gauges can you use to perform FNA?
21-23G
What do you call a type of macule caused by bleeding into the skin?
Purpura, petechia or echymoses
How long must a Woods lamp be on before using it? Why?
5-10min
Correct wavelength must be reached
Which of the following is NOT an indication for performing a culture for bacterial pyoderma?
- Cytology showing a mixed population or just rods
- Deep pyoderma
- Unresponsive cocci infection despite correct antibiotic use
- Severe bleeding and swelling that is unresponsive to treatment
- GSD pyoderma
Severe bleeding and swelling that is unresponsive to treatment
What is the Gold Standard for identifying environmental allergens?
Intradermal allergy testing
What is allergy testing serology not reliable for?
Food
If you do not see fleas on a patient but suspect FAD, what other test can you perform? What is the definitive diagnostic test?
Flea dirt test
Flea antigen test (involving 3 injections- negative control, positive control and flea allergen)
What do you cal at coalition of papules forming a flat-topped elevation?
Plaque
What do you call an accumulation of keratin and sebaceous material stuck to a hair shaft?
Follicular cast
What is the difference between an erosion and an ulcer?
An ulcer is a break in stratum basale with exposure of the dermis, while an erosion is shallow and doesn’t break the basal layer
What does it indicate if your DTM media turns red at the same time that the dermatophyte colony appears?
What if it appears a few days after the colony appears?
Pathogenic fungus
Non-pathogenic/saprophytic fungus
What can cause false positives with a Woods lamp?
Keratin scales
Soaps
Dyes
Certain medications
What is used for the positive and negative controls in intradermal allergy testing?
Positive- Histamine, Negative-Saline
What do you call a small elevation of epidermis filled with pus? Filled with clear fluid?
Pustule
Vesicle
What is the accumulation of loose fragments of the horny layer of skin called?
Scale
What do you call a linear abrasion of the skin? Is this a primary or secondary lesion? What if the linear lesion cleaves the epidermis or dermis, what is that called? Is that primary or secondary?
Excoriation- secondary
Fissure- secondary
What is the unpleasant sensation of the skin that provokes the urge to scratch? Also spell it.
PRURITIS
Prur-itis
Name 2 commensal organisms found on dog skin.
Staph pseudintermedius
Malassezia
Cryptococcus
Epiccocum
Candida
What is the secondary lesion that involves thickening and hardening of the skin called?
Lichinification
What do you call a >1cm solid raised palpable lesion that could include an abscess? Also, what is an abscess?
Nodule
Abscess- fluctuant lesion in dermis or SQ from pus
What type of skin scrape would you do to look for most demodex species in dogs?
Deep skin scrape
What do you apply to the edge of the scotch tape from your tape test once it is on the slide to visualize organisms?
Diff-quick stain #3
What is the medical term for an allergic hypersensitivity reaction caused by aeroallergens?
Atopy
What do the fungi that fluoresce with UV light produce? What part of the hair fluoresces?
Typtophan metabolites
The hair shaft
What does allergy testing serology rely on? What types of antibodies does it detect?
Antigen-specific antibody levels
IgE
What lesion are dogs with Cushing’s and Hypothyroidism prone to?
Comodone (dilated hair follicle filled with debris)
What do you call an epithelial lined cavity with solid or fluid material?
Cyst
If your canine patient is severely pruritic, especially on the elbows and ears, what do you suspect?
Sarcoptic mange
What is the most common cause of pruritis?
Fleas
If pruiritis occurs prior to visible lesions, which 2 conditions should you consider?
Allergies
Scabies
Cats with FAD can present with _____ dermatitis.
Miliary
What is the scientific name for canine/feline fleas?
Ctenocephalides canis / felis
T/F: 95% of a flea population and flea dirt is found in the environment.
True
What is nitenpyram? How long does it take to take effect? How long does it last?
Capstar
17-30 minutes until all fleas are dead
24 hours
If you have a flea infestation, what do you call the areas where pets spends most of their time, such as bedding and resting areas or feeding locations?
Source points
What type of immune response (humoral or cell mediated) occurs with atopy?
Humoral
What is the age on onset for atopy?
4m - 7y (most 1-3 years)
Antihistamines and essential fatty acids should be avoided ____weeks/days/months before intradermal allergy testing. Oral and topical steroids should also be avoided for at least 1 month.
2 weeks
What do you call an accumulation of dried serum and exudate on the surface of the skin?
Crust
If you canine patient is licking and chewing its feet, which 2 conditions do you suspect?
Food allergy
Atopy
What type of immunoglobulin is produced in a FAD reaction?
IgE
What are some breeds predisposed to atopic dermatitis?
WHWT, Dalmatians, Goldens, Setters
If you perform an allergy test and the test sites are raised and causing disease what is this called? What if they are not causing disease?
Allergy
Subclinical hypersensitivity
What is the first choice antihistamine to use to treat atopy? What is the second choice?
Hydroxyzine
Chlorpheniramine
What are the 3 most pruritic diseases?
Scabies, FAD, Food allergy
If the pruiritis occurs after the lesions, which 2 conditions should you consider?
Demodecosis
Dermatophytosis
What type of hypersisitivity reaction in FAD? What causes the reaction?
Type I
Flea saliva
_______ is the most common cause of primary otitis.
Atopic dermatitis/atopy
What are the three possible therapies for atopy/AD?
ASIT (allergen-specific immunotherapy)
Allergen avoidance
Symptomatic relief
Which drug that is highly effective in symptomatically treating atopy must be given for at least 6 weeks and has anti-allergic as well as immunosuppresive properties?
Cyclosporin A (Atopica)
What Janus kinase inhibitor is used to symptomatically treat atopy by preventing nerve conduction?
Oclacitinib (Apoquel)
What secondary lesion is associated with a pustule, vesicle or bullae?
Epidermal collarette
T/F: When adding fatty acid supplementation to the treatment protocol for a dog on steroids for atopy, a higher dose of the steroid must be used.
False, lower- has steroid sparing effect.
What is the basic therapeutic plan for treating FAD with severe pruiritis?
Flea control and once pyodermais eliminated give Corticosteroids at a low dose for 3 days
What symptomatic treatment for atopy purportedly restores the epidermal barrier?
Skin lipid therapy/complex
