Gastro

Question 1

What is an example of secretory diarrhoea?

Answer 1

Cholera - toxin mediated

Question 2

What is an example of diarrhoea caused by mucosal invasion?

Answer 2

E.g. Bloody diarrhoea

Enteropathogens like shigella, salmonella

Question 3

What is an example of increased motility diarrhoea?

Answer 3

IBS or dumping

Question 4

What are the red flags for clinical dehydration?

Answer 4

Appears unwell/ deteriorating 
Altered consciousness
Sunken eyes 
Tachy c and p
Reduced skin turgor 

Shock- pale, cold, prolonged capillary refill, hypotension

Question 5

When should you for a stool microbiology in diarrhoea in children?

Answer 5

Septicaemia suspected
Blood/mucus in stool
Immunocompromised

? If :
>7 days
Recent travel
Uncertain re diagnosis

Question 6

Management for diarrhoea dehydration?

Answer 6

Oral rehydration solution

Volume - spec red weight plus estimated dehydration

Question 7

How do calculate fluid requirements in children?

Answer 7

First 10kg = 100ml/kg/day
Second 10kg = 50ml/kg/day
Each subsequent kg = 20ml/kg/day

Question 8

How do you diagnose coeliac disease?

Answer 8

Small bowel biopsy
Response to gluten free diet/ gluten challenge

Screening - blood tests useful

Question 9

What are the first line blood tests when suspecting coeliac disease?

Answer 9

IgA and IGA tissue transglutaminase

Question 10

How do you diagnose gord in children?

Answer 10

Impendence monitoring

Oesophageal PH