Gastro Flashcards
What part of the GI tract is responsible for nutrient absorption?
Small intestine
The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the gastrointestinal system.
What are the primary responsibilities of GI hormones in digestion?
Regulation of digestive processes
GI hormones control various aspects of digestion, including enzyme secretion and gut motility.
What is the primary role of gastric cells?
Secretion of gastric juices
Gastric cells include parietal cells (produce HCl) and chief cells (produce pepsinogen).
What is the function of the liver in relation to bilirubin production?
Metabolism and excretion of bilirubin
The liver processes hemoglobin from red blood cells, leading to bilirubin formation.
What is the function of the gallbladder?
Storage and concentration of bile
Bile is released into the small intestine to aid in fat digestion.
What are the associated disorders of the gallbladder?
Gallstones
Gallstones can obstruct bile flow and cause pain or infection.
What are the different upper GI disorders?
Gastritis, GERD, peptic ulcers
These disorders affect the upper gastrointestinal tract, impacting digestion and comfort.
What are the defining characteristics between ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease?
Ulcerative colitis affects only the colon; Crohn’s can affect any part of the GI tract
Ulcerative colitis is characterized by continuous lesions, while Crohn’s shows skip lesions.
What is the common cause of GERD?
Lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction
This dysfunction allows stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus.
What is the pathophysiological cause of celiac disease?
Immune reaction to gluten
Celiac disease leads to inflammation and damage of the small intestine lining.
What are the distinguishing factors of Hepatitis A, B, C, and D?
A: Fecal-oral transmission; B: Bloodborne; C: Bloodborne, chronic; D: Requires B for infection
Each type has different modes of transmission and implications for chronic disease.
What is the mechanism behind esophageal varices?
Increased pressure in the portal venous system
This condition is often a result of liver cirrhosis.
What are the characteristics of diverticulosis?
Presence of diverticula in the colon, often asymptomatic
Diverticulosis can lead to diverticulitis if diverticula become inflamed.
