Gas Exchange in Humans Booklet

Question 1

What is the gas exchange system

Answer 1

Delivery of oxygen into the bloodstream

Question 2

Trachea

Answer 2

Flexible tube kept open by rings of cartilage, also known as the windpipe connecting the back of the nose and mouth (Pharynx) to the Bronchi

Question 3

Larynx

Answer 3

Contains the vocal cords which vibrate to make sound

Question 4

Bronchus

Answer 4

2 passage of airway conducting air into the lungs branching from the trachea into the lung

Question 5

Bronchiole

Answer 5

A small branch of Bronchus which ends in the alveolus

Question 6

Alveoli

Answer 6

Tiny air sacks where exchange of gasses between the air and blood occurs

Question 7

External Intercoastal muscle

Answer 7

Muscle between the ribs that are closer to the skin which expand the rib cage

Question 8

Internal Intercoastal muscle

Answer 8

Skeletal muscles that enable force expiration

Question 9

Diaphram

Answer 9

Sheet of muscular and fibrous tissue that separates the thorax from the abdomen that helps with involuntary respiration

Question 10

Cells in the eptihillium lining the trachea, bronchi and broncioles the produce mucous

Answer 10

Goblet Cells

Question 11

Cilliated Eptihillium Cell

Answer 11

Cilliated Eptihillium Cell

Question 12

Cilius

Answer 12

hair like strucute that moves foreign particles out of our body

Question 13

Particles moving from an area of high particles to an area with low particles

Answer 13

Concentration gradient

Question 14

Inspiration

Answer 14

Breathing in

Question 15

Exhalation

Answer 15

Breathing out

Question 16

Ventilation

Answer 16

Breathing in and out to maintain the conecentartion gradient of Carbon dioxide and oxegen

Question 17

Respirometer

Answer 17

Machine that measures the rate and depth of breathing

Question 18

Chest Cavity

Answer 18

Thorax

Question 19

Vital Capacity

Answer 19

Maximum volume of air breathed in and out from the deepest inalation to the deepest exhelation

Question 20

Tidal Volume

Answer 20

Volume of air breathed in and out during normal, resting breath

Question 21

Breathing Rate

Answer 21

Number of breathes per minute

Question 22

Ribs

Answer 22

Long curved bones which form the rib cage which protects the heart and lungs from mechanical damage

Question 23

Limewater Test

Answer 23

Test for presence of carbon dioxide-Turns milty when it reacts with carbon dioxide.

Question 24

Carcinogen

Answer 24

What is a chemical that causes cancer

Question 25

Process of Inhalation

Answer 25

External intercostal muscles contract —> Diaphragm muscles contract —> Lung volume increases —> Pressure in the lungs falls —> Air rushes in

Question 26

Function of Cartilage in the trachea

Answer 26

Prevents the trachea from collapsing during inhalation

Question 27

What does execise do to blood PH

Answer 27

Decreaces ph

Question 28

How is the lungs surface adapted

Answer 28

• A very large surface area for largest space for diffusion of gasses
  
  • Inner surface of Alveolus is moist as which allows the gasses to dissolve
  • Thin surface (one cell thick wall) so that it minimizes the distance diffusion to across hence maximizing the rate of diffusion.
  • blood supply is constant to maintain the concentration gradient.
  • Shape of Alveolus is spherical which maximizes the surface area for diffusion to occur across
  • When there is an Exchange of gas, the surface is ventilated to maintain a high concentration gradient and increase the rate of exchange

Question 29

Composition of Inspired air

Answer 29

Oxegen: 21%
Carbon dioxide: 0.04%
Nitrogen: 78%
Water vapor: Lower than expired air

Question 30

Composition of Expired Air

Answer 30

Oxegen: 16%
Carbon Dioxide: 4%
Nitrogen 78%
Water vapor: Higher than inspired

Question 31

What is the reason for difference of inhaled and exhaled air

Answer 31

Oxegen: Oxegen is used for respiration
Carbon dioxide: Produced in the cells of our body to break down the food that we eat
Nitrogen: The body does not do anything with Nitrogen