Gas Exchange In Humans Flashcards
Alveolus
Site of gas exchange
Mouth and nose
Allows oxygen to enter and carbon dioxide to leave
Rib
Protects the lungs
Bronchi
The air enters the lungs through the bronchi
Trachea
Moves air to the lungs and removes dirt and micro organisms
Diaphragm
Controls breathing, contracts and relaxes, inhalation exhalation.
Intercostal muscles
Joins together the ribs, allows for breathing
Heart
Pumps blood around the body
Bronchioles
Takes oxygen closer to the alveoli
Pleural membrane
Surrounds lungs and offers protection
What gases are involved in respiration?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Passage of oxygen from the atmosphere into the blood
Nose/mouth Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Blood
How are the alveoli adapted for gas exchange?
- they have thin permeable walls
- large surface area, which creates a steep diffusion gradient
- they have a moist lining
Respiration
Releasing energy in cells
Anaerobic respiration
Without any oxygen
Describe and explain the exchange of oxygen between an alveolus and a capillary.
When the oxygen gets to the alveoli, the carbon dioxide is bought back by the capillary. So through the walls of the alveoli, gas exchange occurs.
Investigation to find out what effect excessive has on breathing rate.
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Inhalation
- Diaphragm flattens and moves down.
- intercostal muscles contact
- Ribs move up and out
- Volume in thorax increases
- pressure decreases
- air rushes into the lungs
Exhalation
- The diaphragm relaxes and returns to its original domed shape, pushed up by the liver and the stomach. Moves up.
- the intercostal muscles relax allowing the ribs to drop back down and in.
- The volume in the thorax decreases.
- The pressure increases
- Air is pushed out of the lungs
How is corony heart disease caused?
Carbon monoxide (checmical found in cigarettes) is released into the body. Irritates the linings of blood vessels. Releasing cholestral which attaches itself onto the linings, blocking the blood stream and resulting in it being difficult to exchange gases. This can cause coroany heart disease (heart attacks and strokes.)
Smoking causes…
Bronchitis (irritation of bronchial tree)
Emphesyma, which is caused by the build up of tar in the lungs and results in the walls of the alveoli breaking.
Coughing
Effect of cilia
Emphesyma;
Causes the amount of oxygen to go down
You would have to take in oxygen from a mask
Aorta
Squiggly thing at the top of heart
Plasma
Carries dissolved hormones
How does adrenaline affect heart rate?
It increases it, preparing the body for action- either to fight the threat or to run away from it (fight or flight)
