Gas Exchange In Humans

Question 1

Alveolus

Answer 1

Site of gas exchange

Question 2

Mouth and nose

Answer 2

Allows oxygen to enter and carbon dioxide to leave

Question 3

Rib

Answer 3

Protects the lungs

Question 4

Bronchi

Answer 4

The air enters the lungs through the bronchi

Question 5

Trachea

Answer 5

Moves air to the lungs and removes dirt and micro organisms

Question 6

Diaphragm

Answer 6

Controls breathing, contracts and relaxes, inhalation exhalation.

Question 7

Intercostal muscles

Answer 7

Joins together the ribs, allows for breathing

Question 8

Heart

Answer 8

Pumps blood around the body

Question 9

Bronchioles

Answer 9

Takes oxygen closer to the alveoli

Question 10

Pleural membrane

Answer 10

Surrounds lungs and offers protection

Question 11

What gases are involved in respiration?

Answer 11

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 12

Passage of oxygen from the atmosphere into the blood

Answer 12

Nose/mouth 
Trachea
Bronchi 
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Blood

Question 13

How are the alveoli adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 13

• they have thin permeable walls
• large surface area, which creates a steep diffusion gradient
• they have a moist lining

Question 14

Respiration

Answer 14

Releasing energy in cells

Question 15

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 15

Without any oxygen

Question 16

Describe and explain the exchange of oxygen between an alveolus and a capillary.

Answer 16

When the oxygen gets to the alveoli, the carbon dioxide is bought back by the capillary. So through the walls of the alveoli, gas exchange occurs.

Question 17

Investigation to find out what effect excessive has on breathing rate.

Answer 17

..

Question 18

Inhalation

Answer 18

• Diaphragm flattens and moves down.
• intercostal muscles contact
• Ribs move up and out
• Volume in thorax increases
• pressure decreases
• air rushes into the lungs

Question 19

Exhalation

Answer 19

• The diaphragm relaxes and returns to its original domed shape, pushed up by the liver and the stomach. Moves up.
• the intercostal muscles relax allowing the ribs to drop back down and in.
• The volume in the thorax decreases.
• The pressure increases
• Air is pushed out of the lungs

Question 20

How is corony heart disease caused?

Answer 20

Carbon monoxide (checmical found in cigarettes) is released into the body. Irritates the linings of blood vessels. Releasing cholestral which attaches itself onto the linings, blocking the blood stream and resulting in it being difficult to exchange gases. This can cause coroany heart disease (heart attacks and strokes.)

Question 21

Smoking causes…

Answer 21

Bronchitis (irritation of bronchial tree)

Emphesyma, which is caused by the build up of tar in the lungs and results in the walls of the alveoli breaking.

Coughing

Effect of cilia

Question 22

Emphesyma;

Answer 22

Causes the amount of oxygen to go down

You would have to take in oxygen from a mask

Question 23

Aorta

Answer 23

Squiggly thing at the top of heart

Question 24

Plasma

Answer 24

Carries dissolved hormones

Question 25

How does adrenaline affect heart rate?

Answer 25

It increases it, preparing the body for action- either to fight the threat or to run away from it (fight or flight)