ecology Flashcards
population
all the organisms of one species living in the same habitat
community
all the populations of organisms that live in an area or ecosystem
habitat
a small part of an ecosystem where a species lives
ecosystem
all the organisms and physical factors in a fairly self contained area such as a lake or desert
What is a quadrat
A square used to count up the number of species in an area
Steps of quadrant
1- take quadrat to flowery field
2- place the tape measure in a section of the field
3- randomly collect numbers to use for co-ordinates (10 pairs
4- place the quadrat on your first set of co-ordinates
5- count the species inside the quadrat
6- repeat with all other co ordinated
7- add all of the flower numbers up
8- multiply by size of field
9- repeat
Consumer
An animal which gains its energy from another organism in the food chain
Detritivore
Decomposer
A micro organism which breaks down dead material
Producer
An organism which makes its own food
Carnivore
An animal which only consumes other animals
Herbivore
An animal which only eats plants
Trophic level
Feeding level
Trophic levels
Producer Primary consumer Secondary consumer Tertiary consumer Quaternary consumer
What is the source of all energy in a food chain
The sun because it produces plants through photosynthesis
Why is all energy not passed on to the next trophic level
Because we only take in 10% of energy since we lose most of it because it is inedible or not digestible, we also lose the energy in respiration, movement, and feces/urine (waste)
What is the name of an organism that breaks down decaying matter
A decomposer
Pyramid of numbers
Always keep height the same
Make up the scale factor
If it’s not a pyramid shape then use a pyramid of biomas
Pyramid of biomas
Times amount of leaves by mass
Do the same for all
Think of a scale factor
And make magic
Plants need water for
Photosynthesis
Plants need sun for
Photosynthesis and transportation.
Plants need co2 for
Photosynthesis
Plants neee soil for
Nutrients- minerals, chlorophyll production.
Plants need oxygen for
Respiration (aerobic)
Plants need nitrates for
Protein production
Why do we need to farm fish
High protein for growth and repair of tissues
Pests
Eat crops
Reduce yield
Less profit
Spray with pesticide pros
Kill insects so that they don’t eat or destroy crops
Effective and quick
New ones aren’t persistnat
Spray with pesticides cons
They are toxic to humans and the environment
They can effect food chains massively by killing lots of primary consume RS and damaging producers
Biological control
When people use a predator to kill a group of organisms
Biological control pros
It can get rid of organisms
Chemical free
Biological control cons
No control over t and predators can end up killing things u wanna keep
E.g cane toad
The predator needs food
Higher temp
Increases chemical reactions in photosynthesis
Speeds up growth
Increases yield
More profit
Co2 raw material of photosynthesis higher co2 concentrations
Increases photosynthesis rate
Speeds up growth
Increases yield
More profit
Glasshouse advantages
Photosynthesis speeded up, more yield
Warmer (greenhouse effecting wave radiation trapped by glass)
Can increase co2 levels
Artificial light
Fertilisers
Farmers use them to make plants grow at a faster rate
They can be chemical or manure
Can kill/ destroy everything in eutrophicarion
Fertilisers containing nitrates added
Increase while
Increase growth- improve
Gain more profit
fish farming perfect tank - Clean water
anti-biotics put in water in control disease
water filter so that the fish are constantly provided with clean water and there is no risk of disease/ bacteria developing
fish farming perfect tank- the predator prob
farm is seperatd by glass so that big fish of the same species can not eat small fish
fish farming- stuff about the tank
made from plastic and re-enforced fibre glass, tank with lowest possible surface area
location of fish tank
off shore in deepwater so that it is not in an area crammed with fish farms and there is less bacteria in the water
feeding of the fish
fed a controlled diet of pellets with maximises energy transfer. A timer controls how often food is released into the farm
why will the fish be great quality
bevcause they are not at risk of disease and are in clean water and they are fed well with the right nutrient
greenhouse lighting
evenly spread artificial lights which increase light intensity and help plants photosynthesise and grow at a faster rate especially in winter. They also help in transpiration.
greenhouse temp
is built with glass to trap heat
thermistor to control the temp and make sure it is appropriate for growth
watering in the greenhouse
sprinklers under the ground which provides plants with necessary water concentration to grow and to use in photosynthesis. Also adds moisture to the soil
is controlled by a timer to prevent flooding
additives to the soil in a greenhouse
spray fertiliser because they contain useful nitrates
spray pestisides to kill weeds and insects
manure added to help bring nutrient for minerals and chlorophyll production
greenhouse gases
a fan which circulates the gases within the greenhouse. removes oxygen and provides ventilation
also a pump which provides c02 from a nearby factory to help plants photosyntheise
