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Biology🖍 > ecology > Flashcards

ecology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

population

A

all the organisms of one species living in the same habitat

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2
Q

community

A

all the populations of organisms that live in an area or ecosystem

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3
Q

habitat

A

a small part of an ecosystem where a species lives

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4
Q

ecosystem

A

all the organisms and physical factors in a fairly self contained area such as a lake or desert

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5
Q

What is a quadrat

A

A square used to count up the number of species in an area

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6
Q

Steps of quadrant

A

1- take quadrat to flowery field
2- place the tape measure in a section of the field
3- randomly collect numbers to use for co-ordinates (10 pairs
4- place the quadrat on your first set of co-ordinates
5- count the species inside the quadrat
6- repeat with all other co ordinated
7- add all of the flower numbers up
8- multiply by size of field
9- repeat

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7
Q

Consumer

A

An animal which gains its energy from another organism in the food chain

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8
Q

Detritivore

A

Decomposer

A micro organism which breaks down dead material

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9
Q

Producer

A

An organism which makes its own food

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10
Q

Carnivore

A

An animal which only consumes other animals

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11
Q

Herbivore

A

An animal which only eats plants

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12
Q

Trophic level

A

Feeding level

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13
Q

Trophic levels

A 
Producer 
Primary consumer
Secondary consumer
Tertiary consumer 
Quaternary consumer
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14
Q

What is the source of all energy in a food chain

A

The sun because it produces plants through photosynthesis

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15
Q

Why is all energy not passed on to the next trophic level

A

Because we only take in 10% of energy since we lose most of it because it is inedible or not digestible, we also lose the energy in respiration, movement, and feces/urine (waste)

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16
Q

What is the name of an organism that breaks down decaying matter

A

A decomposer

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17
Q

Pyramid of numbers

A

Always keep height the same
Make up the scale factor
If it’s not a pyramid shape then use a pyramid of biomas

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18
Q

Pyramid of biomas

A

Times amount of leaves by mass
Do the same for all
Think of a scale factor
And make magic

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19
Q

Plants need water for

A

Photosynthesis

20
Q

Plants need sun for

A

Photosynthesis and transportation.

21
Q

Plants need co2 for

A

Photosynthesis

22
Q

Plants neee soil for

A

Nutrients- minerals, chlorophyll production.

23
Q

Plants need oxygen for

A

Respiration (aerobic)

24
Q

Plants need nitrates for

A

Protein production

25
Q

Why do we need to farm fish

A

High protein for growth and repair of tissues

26
Q

Pests

A

Eat crops
Reduce yield
Less profit

27
Q

Spray with pesticide pros

A

Kill insects so that they don’t eat or destroy crops

Effective and quick

New ones aren’t persistnat

28
Q

Spray with pesticides cons

A

They are toxic to humans and the environment

They can effect food chains massively by killing lots of primary consume RS and damaging producers

29
Q

Biological control

A

When people use a predator to kill a group of organisms

30
Q

Biological control pros

A

It can get rid of organisms

Chemical free

31
Q

Biological control cons

A

No control over t and predators can end up killing things u wanna keep

E.g cane toad

The predator needs food

32
Q

Higher temp

A

Increases chemical reactions in photosynthesis

Speeds up growth

Increases yield

More profit

33
Q

Co2 raw material of photosynthesis higher co2 concentrations

A

Increases photosynthesis rate

Speeds up growth

Increases yield

More profit

34
Q

Glasshouse advantages

A

Photosynthesis speeded up, more yield

Warmer (greenhouse effecting wave radiation trapped by glass)

Can increase co2 levels

Artificial light

35
Q

Fertilisers

A

Farmers use them to make plants grow at a faster rate

They can be chemical or manure

Can kill/ destroy everything in eutrophicarion

36
Q

Fertilisers containing nitrates added

A

Increase while

Increase growth- improve

Gain more profit

37
Q

fish farming perfect tank - Clean water

A

anti-biotics put in water in control disease

water filter so that the fish are constantly provided with clean water and there is no risk of disease/ bacteria developing

38
Q

fish farming perfect tank- the predator prob

A

farm is seperatd by glass so that big fish of the same species can not eat small fish

39
Q

fish farming- stuff about the tank

A

made from plastic and re-enforced fibre glass, tank with lowest possible surface area

40
Q

location of fish tank

A

off shore in deepwater so that it is not in an area crammed with fish farms and there is less bacteria in the water

41
Q

feeding of the fish

A

fed a controlled diet of pellets with maximises energy transfer. A timer controls how often food is released into the farm

42
Q

why will the fish be great quality

A

bevcause they are not at risk of disease and are in clean water and they are fed well with the right nutrient

43
Q

greenhouse lighting

A

evenly spread artificial lights which increase light intensity and help plants photosynthesise and grow at a faster rate especially in winter. They also help in transpiration.

44
Q

greenhouse temp

A

is built with glass to trap heat

thermistor to control the temp and make sure it is appropriate for growth

45
Q

watering in the greenhouse

A

sprinklers under the ground which provides plants with necessary water concentration to grow and to use in photosynthesis. Also adds moisture to the soil

is controlled by a timer to prevent flooding

46
Q

additives to the soil in a greenhouse

A

spray fertiliser because they contain useful nitrates
spray pestisides to kill weeds and insects
manure added to help bring nutrient for minerals and chlorophyll production

47
Q

greenhouse gases

A

a fan which circulates the gases within the greenhouse. removes oxygen and provides ventilation

also a pump which provides c02 from a nearby factory to help plants photosyntheise

Biology🖍 (11 decks)

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