Gas Exchange in Fish and Insects Flashcards
What is the Trachea?
Internal network of tubes insects
What are the Tracheoles?
Tubes that extend from the Trachea and extend throughout all the body tissues of the insect
What are Spricales?
Tiny pores that allow gases to enter and leave the Trachea
What are two adaptations of Tracheoles?
They have thin walls and they are highly branched
What does the fluid in the ends of trachea do?
Allows gases to diffuse to tissues faster and the Tracheal fluid can be withdrawn into the body fluid to increase the surface area of the Tracheole exposed to air
What do the muscles do?
Maintains concentration gradient
What prevents water loss?
Spiracles be able to close
What is abdominal pumping?
When the insect contracts its muscles which raises pressure in the body and forces air out of the spiracles down the pressure gradient
What are gill filaments?
Make up the gills of a fish
What are Lamella and what do they do?
Tiny folds that cover gill filaments. They increase the surface area of the gills.
What is Counter current Flow?
Water and blood flowing over and through the Lamella in opposite directions. Water has a higher oxygen concentration so diffusion happens along the full length of the Lamella. The blood absorbs more and more oxygen as it moves along.
What are the adaptations of fishes?
Thin walls of Lamella, large number of filaments and Lamella, Counter current flow system, large number of capillaries around Lamella
What is the Ventilation by Operculum?
It ensures constant fresh water to flow over the gills to replace lost oxygen and maintain steep concentration gradient
What are steps of Ventilation?
The mouth opens, Operculum shuts
Water enters cavity due to decreased pressure or increased volume
Mouth closes, Operculum opens
Results in increased pressure or decreased volume
Increased pressure forces water out over gills
