Effects of Lung Disease in Humans Flashcards
What is the Ventilation rate?
How many breaths per minute
What is the Tidal volume?
The volume of air in each breath
What is the Breathing rate?
Number of breaths per minute
What is the Forced Expiratory Volume? (FEV)
Maximum volume of air that can be breathed out in 1 second
What is the Forced Vital Capacity?(FVC)
Maximum volume of air, it is possible to breath forcefully out of the lungs
What are Restrictive diseases?
Diseases that make it difficult to fully breathe in
What are Obstructive diseases?
Diseases that make it difficult to breathe out as airways are blocked
What is Tuberculosis?
Caused by a bacteria inhaled by droplet infection and the Macrophages build a wall around the bacteria in the alveoli forming tubercules. The infected tissue dies damaging the alveoli.
What are effects of Tuberculosis?
Damaged alveoli gives smaller surface area
Scar tissue is thicker so diffusion distance has increased
Elasticity is reduced so lungs cannot expand
What is Pulmonary Fibrosis?
Formation of scar tissue in the lungs after an infection of breathing substances like Abestos
What are the effects of Pulmonary Fibrosis?
Scar tissue is thicker so diffusion distance has increased
Elasticity is reduced so lungs cannot expand
What is Asthma?
Airways become inflamed due to an allergic reaction to inhaled substances such as pollen or dust. Smooth Muscle lining the Bronchioles contracts and lots of mucus is produced
What are the effects of Asthma?
Airways constrict severely reducing air flow in and out of the lungs so less O2 diffuses into blood
What is Emphysema?
Caused by foreign substances being trapped in the Alveoli. This causes inflammation, phagocytes arrive and they produce an enzyme which breaks down the elastin in the walls of the alveoli
What are the effects?
Damaged alveoli have a smaller surface area. Loss of elastin means alveoli cannot recoil as well and less air is expelled
