Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates Flashcards
What happens during disgestion?
A series of enzymes will hydrolyse large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules which can be absorbed into the bloodstream and transported around the body
How does villi help to maximise the movement of substances through cells into the blood?
They have thin walls which makes the diffusion distance short, villi also have a lot of capillaries which maintains the concentration gradient by constantly transporting absorbed nutrients away
How does villi having muscles help?
Helps them to mix the contents of the ileum so that villi always have new material next to them to absorb nutrients. Maintains the concentration gradient
What does Microvilli do?
Increases the surface area for diffusion
Why does the epithelial cells contain many mitochondria?
Provides energy for active transport
What do the salivary glands help to digest?
They break glyosidic bonds in starch to form maltose
What does the pancreas help to digest?
They break glyosidic bonds to hydrolyse starch to form maltose
What does the small intestine help to digest?
They break glyosidic bonds to hydrolyse disaccharides into monosaccharides
What does Maltase break and into what?
Breaks Maltose into glucose and glucose
What does Sucrase break and into what?
Breaks Sucrose into glucose and fructose
What does Lactase break and into what?
Breaks Lactose into glucose and galactose
What are used to actively transport glucose and galactose?
Sodium ions
How is fructose absorbed?
By facilitated diffusion
