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B3 > Gas Exchange Humans 2 > Flashcards

Gas Exchange Humans 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How is diffusion maintained in the alveoli?

A

• Air is constantly moved out in and out of the lungs ( breathing )

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2
Q

What is inspiration?

A

• When the air pressure of the atmosphere is greater than the air pressure inside the lungs air will be forced into the lungs

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3
Q

What is expiration?

A

• When the air pressure inside the lungs is greater than the air pressure of the atmosphere, air is forced out of the lungs.

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4
Q

What is the pressure change within the lungs dependent on?

A 
Movement of three sets of muscles 
• Diaphragm
• Intercostal Muscles: 
 • Internal Intercostal Muscles
 • External Intercostal Muscles
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5
Q

What is present between the alveoli?

A

Collagen and Elastic Fibres

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6
Q

Where are the intercostal muscles present?

A

They lie between the ribs

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7
Q

What are the two sets of intercostal muscle?

A
  • Internal Intercostal muscles

* External Intercostal Muscle

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8
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

Sheet of muscle that separates the thorax from the abdomen

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9
Q

What are the internal costal muscles involved in?

A

Contractions lead to expiration

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10
Q

What are the external intercostal muscles involved in?

A

Contraction leads to inspiration

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11
Q

What type of process is inspiration?

A
  • Active

* This uses energy

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12
Q

What type of process is expiration?

A
  • Passive

* Does not require energy

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13
Q

What is the process of inspiration?

A
  • External Intercostal Muscles Contract
  • Internal Intercostal Muscles Relax
  • Ribs are pulled upwards and outwards increasing the volume of the thorax
  • Increased volume of thorax results in reduction of pressure in the lungs
  • Atmospheric pressure is now greater than pulmonary pressure, and therefore air is forced into the lungs.
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14
Q

What happens to the external intercostal muscles during inspiration?

A

Contract

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15
Q

What happens to internal intercostal muscles during inspiration?

A

Relax

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16
Q

What happens to the ribs during inspiration?

A
  • Pulled upwards and outwards

* This increases the volume of the thorax

17
Q

What happens if the volume of the thorax is increased?

A

Reduces pressure in the lungs

18
Q

What does the diaphragm do during inspiration?

A
  • Contracts, flattening

* Increasing the volume of the thorax

19
Q

What is the process of expiration?

A
  • Internal Intercostal muscles contract
  • External Intercostal muscles relax
  • Ribs move downwards and inwards, decreasing the volume of the thorax
  • Diaphragm muscles relax, so it is pushed up by the contents of the abdomen that were compressed during inspiration
  • Volume of thorax is further decreased
  • Decreased volume of the thorax increases the pressure inside the lungs
  • Pulmonary pressure is now greater than that of the atmosphere, so air is forced out of the lungs
  • Air is forced down the pressure gradient and out of the lungs
20
Q

What occurs to the ribs during expiration?

A
  • Move downwards and inwards

* Decreasing the volume of the thorax

21
Q

What happens to the intercostal muscles during expiration?

A
  • Internal Intercostal muscles contract

* External Intercostal muscles relax

22
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during expiration?

A
  • Diaphragm muscles relax

* It is pushed up by the contents of the abdomen that were compressed during inspiration

23
Q

What is pulmonary ventilation rate?

A

Total volume of air that is moved into the lungs during 1 minute

24
Q

What is the tidal volume?

A

Volume of air normally taken in at each breath when the body is rest

25
Q

What is the breathing rate?

A

Number of breaths taken in 1 minute

26
Q

What happens to air during expiration?

A

• Air is forced down the pressure gradient and out of the lungs

27
Q

What happens to air during inspiration?

A
  • Air always flows from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure
  • Air flows down the trachea and into the lungs
28
Q

What is the path which air takes?

A

• Air always flows from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure

29
Q

What is the main cause of air being forced out of lungs during quiet breathing?

A

Recoil of elastic tissue in the lungs

B3 (21 decks)

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