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B3 > Digestion ( 3 ) > Flashcards

Digestion ( 3 ) Flashcards

1
Q

Besides maltose, what other disaccharides are hydrolysed?

A
  • Sucrose

* Lactose

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2
Q

What hydrolyses sucrose?

A

Sucrase

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3
Q

What hydrolyses lactose?

A

Lactase

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4
Q

What does sucrase do?

A
  • Hydrolyses glycosidic bond in sucrose molecules.

* Produces two monosaccharides: • Glucose • Fructose

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5
Q

What does lactase do?

A
  • Hydrolyses the single glycosidic bond in the lactose molecule
  • Hydrolysis produces two monosaccharides glucose and galactose
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6
Q

What are lipids hydrolysed by?

A

lipases

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7
Q

What are lipases?

A

• Enzymes produced in the pancreas that hydrolyse the ester bond found in triglycerides to form fatty acids and monoglycerides

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8
Q

What are monoglycerides?

A

Glycerol molecule with a single fatty acid molecule attached

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9
Q

What splits up lipids?

A

• Bile salts

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10
Q

What is the process of emulsification?

A
  • Lipids are split up into droplets called micelles

* This is done by bile slats

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11
Q

Where are bile salts produced?

A

Liver

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12
Q

What is the purpose of emulsification?

A
  • Increases surface area of lipids

* This will speed up action of lipases

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13
Q

What group of enzymes hydrolyse proteins?

A

Peptidases

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14
Q

What are the different peptidases?

A
  • Endopeptidases
  • Exopeptidases
  • Dipeptidases
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15
Q

What do endopeptidases do?

A

• Hydrolyse the peptide bonds between amino acids in the central region of a protein molecule forming a series of peptide molecules

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16
Q

What is the purpose of exopeptidases?

A
  • Hydrolyse the peptide bonds on the terminal amino acids of the peptide molecules formed by endopeptidases
  • This way, they progressively release dipeptides and single amino acids
17
Q

What is the purpose of dipeptidases?

A
  • Hydrolyse bond between two amino acids or a dipeptide

* Dipeptidases are membrane bound, being part of the cell surface membrane of the epithelial cells lining the ileum

18
Q

What are membrane bound disaccharides?

A

Enzymes that are attached to the cell membranes of epithelial cells lining the ileum ( final part of the small intestine )

19
Q

What is the purpose of membrane bound disaccharides?

A
  • Help break down disaccharides into monosaccharides

* Hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds

20
Q

How are monosaccharides transported across the cell membrane of the ileum?

A

Via specific transporter proteins

21
Q

What bonds does lipase hydrolyse?

A

Ester bonds in lipids

22
Q

Where are lipases produced?

A

Pancreas

23
Q

Why are the conditions of the stomach acidic?

A
  • Released into the stomach by cells in the stomach lining

* Pepsin only works in acidic condition, these are provided by hydrochloric acid in the stomach

B3 (21 decks)

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