Gas Exchange and Blood Gas Transport Flashcards
Name the three Gas Laws
- Dalton’s Law
- Henry’s Law
- Fick’s Law
Which law states that in a mixture of gases, each gas will behave as if it were on its own?
Dalton’s Law
Which law states that there is a partial pressure caused by each gas that is INDEPENDENT of the other partial pressures for different gases?
Dalton’s Law
Abiding by Dalton’s law means, the sum of the _____________ of all the gases in a mixture will equal the ____________.
Partial Pressures; Total Pressure
The Normal Alveolar Gas Mixture Pressure is … (in mmHg)
760 (As a result of combining the Partial Pressures of O2 (100 mmHg), Co2 (40 mmHg), H2O (47 mm Hg), and N2 (573 mmHg)).
When a gas is in contact with the surface of a liquid, the amount of gas that will go into the solution is ____________ to the partial pressure of that gas. What Gas Law provides this answer?
Proportional; Henry’s Law
This law states that the rate of transfer of a gas through a sheet of tissue is proportional to the tissue area and the difference in gas partial pressure between the 2 sides and inversely proportional to the tissue thickness.
Fick’s Law
Three principles of Fick’s Law
Net Diffusion Rate of a Gas across a membrane is:
- Proportional to the difference in partial pressure between the pre- and post- tissue barrier.
- Proportional to the surface area of the membrane.
- Inversely proportional to the thickness of the membrane
What does P A and P a mean? (In reference to Gas Exchange in the lungs)?
P A = Partial Pressure of Alveoli
P a = Partial Pressure of Arteries
Draw the basic overview of the Gas Exchange in the Lung, WITH PO2 and PCO2 values!
Dried Inspired Air: PO2 = 160; PCO2 = 0
Humidified Bronchial Air: PO2 = 150; PCO2 = 0
Alveolar Air: PO2 = 100; PCO2 = 40
Mixed Venous Blood (aka Pulmonary Artery): PO2 = 40; PCO2 = 46
Systemic Arterial Blood (aka Pulmonary Vein): PO2 = 100; PCO2 = 40
What is the equation for the Alveolar Minute Volume Rate?
V(alveolar) = V(tidal) - V(deadspace)
*** Be able to manipulate this equation!
The total volume of gas entering the lungs per minute?
Tidal Volume
The volume of gas per unit time that reaches the alveoli?
Alveolar Volume
The volume of gas per unit time that does not reach these respiratory portions (alveoli), but does stay in the trachea/bronchi.
Dead Space Volume
What determines the partial pressure of Alveolar CO2 and arterial CO2?
Alveolar Ventilation Rate
The rate of CO2 production by the body should be _________ to the rate of the CO2 removed by the lungs at equilibrium?
Equal
The rate of alveolar ventilation is the ______ determinant of the rate of the total body CO2 excretion by the lungs.
SOLE
If you increase alveolar ventilation, then the PACO2 or the PaCO2 would __________.
Decrease
If you ________ alveolar ventilation, then the PACO2 or the PaCO2 would increase.
Decrease
Cessation of Breathing
Apnea
The rate at which gas enters or leaves the lung.
Ventilation
Shallow or slow breathing rate can give you a decreased minute ventilation rate of Alveoli (VA); However, there is NO change in PaCO2.
Hypopnea
What type of Ventilation can cause brainstem damage?
Hypopnea
Increased deep breathing rate giving an increased minute ventilation rate of Alveoli (VA); However, there is NO change in PaCO2.
Hyperpnea
What type of ventilation occurs with normal exercise or with a fever?
Hyperpnea
Increased breathing rate giving an increased minute ventilation rate of Alveoli (VA); this INCLUDES hypocapnea and Respiratory Alkalosis
Hyperventilation
“Loss of CO2 from blood.”
Hyperventilation