gas exchange Flashcards
what do
goblet cells
mucus
cillia do?
goblet cells: secrete mucus
mucus: traps dirt and mucus
Cilia: sweep mucus towards the mouth
what is breathing
the process that moves air in and out of the lungs.
gas exchange
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the lungs
inhalation
air enters lungs external intercostal muscles contract increase in volume decrease in pressure. ribs go up and out diaphragm flattens
how are the alveoli adapted for diffusion
one cell thick
moisture allows gas to dissolve before diffusion
diffusion gradient very thick due to large network of capillaries.
what is blood made of
plasma : nutrients, proteins, water,
white blood cells and platelets
red blood cells.
how is a red blood cell adapted
bioconcave shape
large levels of haemoglobin
where does the blood go to from the lungs and what is carrying it
in order downwards
hepatic artery to liver
messentric to digestive tract and hepatic portal vein from digestive tract to liver
renal to kidney
iliac artery to legs and trunk
artery adaptation
thick muscle wall and elastic wall to withstand high blood pressure.
vein adaptation
large lumen for travelling at low blood pressure, valves to prevent backflow of blood.
cigarretes problems
severely damages your alveoli , reducing the surface area of them
tar in cigarettes damages the cilia, these hairs catch bacteria, before they reach the lungs
tar irritates bronchi and bronchioles
different artery where to
hepatic artery to the liver
renal vein to kidney
pulmonary
