GARTBLBRICKS Flashcards
What is shoulder separation?
When acromioclavicular joint widens after a ligamentous tear
What is Colles fracture at wrist?
Radius fractures completely and is displaced posteriorly. Hand assumes a dinner fork position
Which carpal bone is most commonly fractured when falling in outstretched (flexed) hand?
Scaphoid
Pain or tenderness at the anatomical snuff box may indicate ?
Fracture of scaphoid bone. This can compromise radial artery blood flow which can lead to avascular necrosis and eventual degenerative joint disease if not treated
Rheumatoid arthritis affects what joints in hands?
MCPs
PIPs
Osteoarthritis affects which joints of hand?
DIPs
PIPs
MCPs
What is lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) and symptoms?
When overuse of the forearm extensor muscles cause strain if their tendons (extensor carpi tendons) at their origins near lateral epicondyle of elbow
Pain over lateral elbow
What is keyboard wrist and symptoms?
When constant hand abduction causes injury to the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis tendons?
Pain on ulnar side of wrist
Dorsal interosseous muscles —————- the fingers from midline
Abduct
Adductor pollicis action
Moves thumb toward palm
Patient describes pain over lateral elbow. Can reproduce pain hby having her extend her hand against resistance. What muscles involved?
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
What is thoracic outlet syndrome?
When arteries, veins, or nerves are compressed between the lower neck and axillary.
Symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome involving arteries in arm?
Pain, pallor, and low blood pressure in arm
Symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome in veins of arm?
Swelling and pain in arm
Symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome involving nerves of the arm?
Pain, numbness, and weakness
Possible causes of thoracic outlet syndrome?
Congenital (eg. abnormal cervical rib)
Trauma (whiplash)
Tumors
If patient has dislocated shoulder with pain and reduced blood pressure in that arm, what artery damaged ?
Axillary
The superficial palmar arch is formed from which artery?
Ulnar
Deep palmar arch is formed from which artery?
Radial
Where is thoracic outlet located?
Between the clavicle and first rib
What space does the brachial plexus go through on the way to armpit
Thoracic outlet
Which spinal levels give rise to the brachial plexus?
C5 through T1
Branches of the posterior cord
ULTRA
Upper subscapular
Lower subscapular
Thoracodorsal
Radial
Axillary
A patient presents with a supracondylar fracture of humerus. What nerve may have damage?
Median nerve
What nerve is vulnerable to entrapment at the carpel tunnel in carpal tunnel syndrome?
Median nerve
What nerve is vulnerable with a fracture of the medial epicondyle?
Ulnar nerve
What nerve may get damaged with a wrist fracture on the hamate bone?
Ulnar nerve
Which nerve supplies sensation to the lateral surface of the forearm?
Musculocutaneous nerve
A patient with weak forearm extension and numbness over the back of the forearm and third finger likely has damage to which spinal nerve?
C7 spinal nerve
What is radiculopathy
Injuries to spinal nerves (pinched nerves)
What are the 2 most common causes of cervical radiculopathy?
Cervical disc herniation
Spondylosis
What is spondylosis?
age-related wear and tear of spinal disks
What are common injuries that affect the axillary nerve?
Anterior dislocation of the humerus and fracture of the surgical neck of humerus
Atrophy of thenar muscles can be a sign of?
Carpal tunnel syndrome
What type of muscle action would be weakest on PE with C6 radiculopathy ?
Forearm flexion
Which nerve roots affected in Erbs palsy?
C5-C6
Clawing of hand is due to injury of which cord of brachial plexus?
Medial cord
What causes hand of benediction?
Injury to proximal median nerve often due to supracondylar fracture in children or compression between heads of pronator teres in adults
What are the most common sites for tendonitis?
Rotator cuff
Elbow
Achilles tendon
Long head of biceps tendon
What does a positive Cozen test indicate?
Lateral epicondylitis. There is pain in the area of the lateral epicondyle with resisted wrist extension
What would you expect to see histologically on slide if bursitis ?
Nwiteophils
Macrophages
Lymphocytes
What can cause popliteal bursitis to develop?
Trauma or injury to knee which causes fluid to accumulate behind the knee joint. Inflammation can also precipitate fluid production leading to Baker cyst formation
A positive Cozen test is indicative of injury to which muscle tendon?
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
If patient holding arm in external rotation and abduction, what injury suspected?
Dislocation
If patient holding arm in external rotation and abduction, what injury suspected?
Dislocation
