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GAR > GARTBLBRICKS > Flashcards

GARTBLBRICKS Flashcards

1
Q

What is shoulder separation?

A

When acromioclavicular joint widens after a ligamentous tear

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2
Q

What is Colles fracture at wrist?

A

Radius fractures completely and is displaced posteriorly. Hand assumes a dinner fork position

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3
Q

Which carpal bone is most commonly fractured when falling in outstretched (flexed) hand?

A

Scaphoid

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4
Q

Pain or tenderness at the anatomical snuff box may indicate ?

A

Fracture of scaphoid bone. This can compromise radial artery blood flow which can lead to avascular necrosis and eventual degenerative joint disease if not treated

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5
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis affects what joints in hands?

A

MCPs
PIPs

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6
Q

Osteoarthritis affects which joints of hand?

A

DIPs
PIPs
MCPs

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7
Q

What is lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) and symptoms?

A

When overuse of the forearm extensor muscles cause strain if their tendons (extensor carpi tendons) at their origins near lateral epicondyle of elbow

Pain over lateral elbow

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8
Q

What is keyboard wrist and symptoms?

A

When constant hand abduction causes injury to the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis tendons?

Pain on ulnar side of wrist

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9
Q

Dorsal interosseous muscles —————- the fingers from midline

A

Abduct

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10
Q

Adductor pollicis action

A

Moves thumb toward palm

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11
Q

Patient describes pain over lateral elbow. Can reproduce pain hby having her extend her hand against resistance. What muscles involved?

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris

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12
Q

What is thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

When arteries, veins, or nerves are compressed between the lower neck and axillary.

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13
Q

Symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome involving arteries in arm?

A

Pain, pallor, and low blood pressure in arm

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14
Q

Symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome in veins of arm?

A

Swelling and pain in arm

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15
Q

Symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome involving nerves of the arm?

A

Pain, numbness, and weakness

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16
Q

Possible causes of thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Congenital (eg. abnormal cervical rib)
Trauma (whiplash)
Tumors

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17
Q

If patient has dislocated shoulder with pain and reduced blood pressure in that arm, what artery damaged ?

A

Axillary

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18
Q

The superficial palmar arch is formed from which artery?

A

Ulnar

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19
Q

Deep palmar arch is formed from which artery?

A

Radial

20
Q

Where is thoracic outlet located?

A

Between the clavicle and first rib

21
Q

What space does the brachial plexus go through on the way to armpit

A

Thoracic outlet

22
Q

Which spinal levels give rise to the brachial plexus?

A

C5 through T1

23
Q

Branches of the posterior cord

A

ULTRA

Upper subscapular
Lower subscapular
Thoracodorsal
Radial
Axillary

24
Q

A patient presents with a supracondylar fracture of humerus. What nerve may have damage?

A

Median nerve

25
Q

What nerve is vulnerable to entrapment at the carpel tunnel in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Median nerve

26
Q

What nerve is vulnerable with a fracture of the medial epicondyle?

A

Ulnar nerve

27
Q

What nerve may get damaged with a wrist fracture on the hamate bone?

A

Ulnar nerve

28
Q

Which nerve supplies sensation to the lateral surface of the forearm?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

29
Q

A patient with weak forearm extension and numbness over the back of the forearm and third finger likely has damage to which spinal nerve?

A

C7 spinal nerve

30
Q

What is radiculopathy

A

Injuries to spinal nerves (pinched nerves)

31
Q

What are the 2 most common causes of cervical radiculopathy?

A

Cervical disc herniation
Spondylosis

32
Q

What is spondylosis?

A

age-related wear and tear of spinal disks

33
Q

What are common injuries that affect the axillary nerve?

A

Anterior dislocation of the humerus and fracture of the surgical neck of humerus

34
Q

Atrophy of thenar muscles can be a sign of?

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

35
Q

What type of muscle action would be weakest on PE with C6 radiculopathy ?

A

Forearm flexion

36
Q

Which nerve roots affected in Erbs palsy?

A

C5-C6

37
Q

Clawing of hand is due to injury of which cord of brachial plexus?

A

Medial cord

38
Q

What causes hand of benediction?

A

Injury to proximal median nerve often due to supracondylar fracture in children or compression between heads of pronator teres in adults

39
Q

What are the most common sites for tendonitis?

A

Rotator cuff
Elbow
Achilles tendon
Long head of biceps tendon

40
Q

What does a positive Cozen test indicate?

A

Lateral epicondylitis. There is pain in the area of the lateral epicondyle with resisted wrist extension

41
Q

What would you expect to see histologically on slide if bursitis ?

A

Nwiteophils
Macrophages
Lymphocytes

42
Q

What can cause popliteal bursitis to develop?

A

Trauma or injury to knee which causes fluid to accumulate behind the knee joint. Inflammation can also precipitate fluid production leading to Baker cyst formation

43
Q

A positive Cozen test is indicative of injury to which muscle tendon?

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

44
Q

If patient holding arm in external rotation and abduction, what injury suspected?

A

Dislocation

45
Q

If patient holding arm in external rotation and abduction, what injury suspected?

A

Dislocation

GAR (11 decks)

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