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GAR > Axilla, Brachial plexus, and arm 72-79 > Flashcards

Axilla, Brachial plexus, and arm 72-79 Flashcards

1
Q

What is function of the axilla?

A

to protect the brachial plexus and axillary vessels

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2
Q

What are the 6 branches of the axillary artery?

A

Screw the lawyer, save a patient

Superior thoracic artery
Thoracoacromial artery
Lateral Thoracic artery
Subscapular artery
Anterior humeral circumflex artery
Posterior Humeral circumflex artery

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3
Q

The posterior humeral circumflex artery is often damaged in what type of injury?

A

fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus

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4
Q

What happens to the axillary artery when it crosses the distal border of teres major?

A

becomes the brachial artery

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5
Q

What is found in the axillary sheath?

A

axillary artery (and its branches), axillary vein, and brachial plexus

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6
Q

Axillary sheath acts as a conduit from and to what locations?

A

The axillary sheath acts as a conduit from vertebral column/back to arm and forearm

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7
Q

Clinical applications of the axillary sheath

A

Axillary sheath makes it easy to confine anesthesia to one place but can also facilitate spread of cancer or infection

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8
Q

At what location does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib

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9
Q

The thoracoacromial artery (branch of axillary artery) divides into what four branches?

A

Clavicular
Acromial
Deltoid
Pectoral

Cadavers are dead people

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10
Q

Lateral thoracic artery supplies ?

A

Serratus anterior and lateral breast/chest

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11
Q

Subscapular artery divides into?

A

Thoracodorsal

Scapular circumflex artery

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12
Q

What does the Anterior Humeral Circumflex artery supply?

A

Glenohumeral joint
Teres major
Teres minor
Deltoid

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13
Q

What does the Posterior Humeral Circumflex artery supply?

A

Glenohumeral joint
Teres major
Teres minor
Deltoid

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14
Q

Fracture of the surgical neck of humerus can injure what structures?

A

Axillary nerve

Posterior Humeral Circumflex artery

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15
Q

If the axillary artery is cut and ligated, flow will often reverse in what vessel?

A

Subscapular artery

(provides collateral circulation and allows blood to flow from subscapular artery to the axillary artery)

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16
Q

Ligation should be done ___________ to the subscapular artery

A

proximal

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17
Q

WHAT IS BRACHIAL PLEXUS?

A

A NETWORK OF NERVES DERIVED FROM C5-T1 SPINAL NERVES THAT SUPPLY THE UPPER EXTREMITY

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18
Q

LATERAL AND MEDIAL CORDS OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS ARE ___________ TO ARTERIES AND VEINS

A

ANTERIOR

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19
Q

WHAT ARE THE 5 BRANCHES OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS?

A

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS,
AXILLARY
RADIAL
MEDIAN
ULNAR

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20
Q

CORDS AND BRANCHES OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS MAKE UP THE ___________ PART OF PLEXUS

A

INFRACLAVICULAR

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21
Q

LONG THORACIC NERVE COMES FROM ROOTS OF __________

A

C5-C7

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22
Q

WHAT DOES THE LONG THORACIC NERVE INNERVATE

A

SERRATUS ANTERIOR

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23
Q

HOW ARE CORDS OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS NAMED?

A

BY THE POSITION RELATIVE TO THE AXILLARY ARTER WHEN IN ANATOMICAL POSITION

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24
Q

THE THORACODORSAL NERVE COMES FROM WHICH CORD OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS?

A

POSTERIOR CORD

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25
Q

THE THORACODORSAL NERVE INNERVATES WHAT MUSCLE

A

LATISSIMUS DORSI

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26
Q

WHICH CORDS OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS MAKE UP THE M?

A

LATERAL AND MEDIAL CORDS

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27
Q

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE COMES FROM WHICH CORD OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS?

A

LATERAL CORD

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28
Q

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE INNERVATES WHICH MUSCLES?

A

FLEXOR COMPARTMENT OF THE MUSCLES OF THE ARM
BICEPS BRACHII
CORACOBRACHIALIS
BRACHIALIS

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29
Q

THE MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE CONTINUES AS WHAT NERVE?

A

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE CONTINUES AS LATERAL CUTANEOUS NERVE OF FOREARM FOR SENSORY INNERVATION OF LATERAL FOREARM

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30
Q

WHAT ARE CLINICAL SIGNS OF MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE DAMAGE?

A

DAMAGE TO THE MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE CAN RESULT IN SENSORY LOSS TO THE LATERAL FOREARM AND GREAT WEAKNESS OF FOREARM AND ARM FLEXION

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31
Q

WHAT CORD OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS DOES THE AXILLARY NERVE COME FROM?

A

POSTERIOR CORD

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32
Q

AXILLARY NERVE INNERVATES ?

A

DELTOID
TERES MINOR
SKIN OVER DELTOID

33
Q

AXILLARY NERVE RUNS THROUGH WHAT SPACE AND WITH WHAT STRUCTURE?

A

AXILLARY NERVE RUNS THROUGH QUADRANGULAR SPACE ALONG WITH POSTERIOR HUMORAL CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY

34
Q

WHAT ARE CLINICAL SIGNS OF AXILLARY NERVE DAMAGE?

A

DAMAGE TO AXILLARY NERVE RESULTS IN WEAKNESS IN ABDUCTION, FLEXION, EXTENSION, AND LATERAL ROTATION OF ARM AS WELL AS SENSORY LOSS OVER LATERAL SHOULDER

35
Q

WHICH CORD OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS DOES THE RADIAL NERVE COME FROM?

A

POSTERIOR CORD

36
Q

RADIAL NERVE INNERVATES WHAT MUSCLES?

A

RADIAL NERVE INNERVATES
EXTENSOR COMPARTMENT OF THE ARM
TRICEPS BRACHII
EXTENSOR COMPARTMENT OF THE FOREARM
SKIN OF POSTERIOR FOREARM

37
Q

WHAT NERVE MUST YOU BE CAREFUL OF WHEN PERFORMING SURGERY IN AXILLA?

A

THORACODORSAL NERVE
-INNERVATES LATISSIMUS DORSI

38
Q

RADIAL NERVES RUNS ALONG?

A

ALONG THE RADIAL (SPIRAL) GROOVE

39
Q

RADIAL NERVE RUNS THROUGH WHICH SPACE AND WITH WHAT STRUCTURE?

A

RADIAL NERVE RUNS THROUGH THE TRIANGULAR INTERVAL WITH THE PROFUNDA BRACHII ARTERY

40
Q

DAMAGE TO THE DEEP BRANCH OF THE RADIAL NERVE RESULTS IN WHAT SIGNS?

A

WRIST DROP

41
Q

DAMAGE TO THE SUPERFICIAL BRANCH OF THE RADIAL NERVE RESULTS IN?

A

LOSE SENSATION OVER THE RADIAL NERVE DISTRIBUTION AREA ON THE SKIN

42
Q

MEDIAN NERVE COMES FROM WHICH CORD OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS

A

LATERAL AND MEDIAL CORDS

43
Q

MEDIAN NERVE INNERVATES WHAT MUSCLES?

A

MUSCLES OF ANTERIOR FOREARM (EXCEPT FOR FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS AND ULNAR HALF OF FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS)

44
Q

MEDIAN NERVE RUNS WITH WHICH ARTERY?

A

BRACHIAL ARTERY

45
Q

ULNAR NERVE COMES FROM WHICH CORD OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS?

A

MEDIAL CORD

46
Q

WHAT IS THE MOST COMMONLY INJURED NERVE IN THE BODY?

A

ULNAR NERVE

47
Q

ULNAR NERVE INNERVATES WHICH MUSCLES?

A

FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS

ULNAR HALF OF FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDIS IN FOREARM

48
Q

ULNAR NERVE RUNS ALONG _________

A

MEDIAL EPICONDYLE (FUNNYBONE)

49
Q

The anterior compartment of muscles in the arm are __________ and are innervated by _____________

A

flexors

musculocutaneous nerve

50
Q

What are the three muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

51
Q

Function of Biceps brachii

A

flexion of forearm at elbow joint and supination

52
Q

Function of brachialis

A

flexes forearm

53
Q

Function of coracobrachialis

A

flexes arm
helps biceps brachii

54
Q

Posterior compartment of arm muscles are ______ and innervated by _______

A

extensors
radial nerve

55
Q

The elbow is made up of what two types of joints?

A

Hinge joint
Gliding joint

56
Q

THe hinge joint of the elbow consists of ?
What is function of a hinge joint

A

Trochlea and trochlear notch
used for flexion and extension

57
Q

The gliding joint of the elbow consists of?

A

capitulum and radial head
used for pronation and supination

58
Q

Radius is the ___________ bone of the forearm and used for ?

A

lateral
pronation and supination

59
Q

Ulna is the _________ bone of the forearm and used for?

A

medial
flexion and extension

60
Q

What are the three ligaments of the elbow joint?

A

Annular ligament
Medial (ulnar) collateral ligament
Lateral (radial) collateral ligament

61
Q

What is the function of the annular ligament of elbow?

A

Annular ligament holds the radial head in place
Allows for pronation and supination

62
Q

DAMAGE TO WHAT NERVE CAUSES WINGED SCAPULA?

A

DAMAGE TO LONG THORACIC NERVE (C5, C6, C7)

63
Q

BESIDES WINGED SCAPULA, WHAT OTHER SIGNS WILL A PATIENT WITH DAMAGE TO THE LONG THORACIC NERVE EXHIBIT?

A

PATIENT WILL BE UNABLE TO ABDUCT ARM ABOVE 90 DEGREES BECAUSE OF LOSS OF SERRATUS ANTERIOR

64
Q

IF YOU SUSPECT WINGED SCAPULA, WHAT IS A TEST YOU CAN DO

A

HAVE PATIENT PUSH ARMS AGAINST THE WALL

65
Q

WHAT ARE COMPLICATIONS OF FRACTURE OF SURGICAL NECK OF HUMERUS

A

DAMAGE TO AXILLARY NERVE AND POSTERIOR HUMORAL CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY

66
Q

AXILLARY NERVE DAMAGE CAN RESULT IN ?

A

WEAKNESS IN ABDUCTION, FLEXION, EXTENSION, AND LATERAL ROTATION OF ARM

SENSORY LOSS OVER THE LATERAL SHOULDER

67
Q

A PATIENT WITH AXILLARY NERVE DAMAGE MAY PRESENT WITH?

A

FLATTENED DELTOID

INABILITY TO ABDUCT SHOULDER PAST 15 DEGREES

REDUCED OR LOSS OF SENSATION OVER DELTOID AND LATERAL ARM

68
Q

ERB’S PALSY IS CAUSED BY DAMAGE TO ?

A

DAMAGE TO UPPER ROOTS (C5 AND C6) OF PLEXUS FROM INCREASED ANGLE BETWEEN NECK AND SHOULDER

FALLING ON HEAD AND SHOULDER

INFANT’S HEAD PULLED ON FORCEFULLY

69
Q

HOW DOES ERB’S PALSY PRESENT?

A

UPPER EXTREMITY IS MEDIALLY ROTATED AND PARALYZED EXCEPT FOR FINGERS

WAITER’S TIP POSITION

ALSO LOSS OF SENSATION IN LATERAL ASPECT OF UPPER LIMB

70
Q

WHAT CAUSES KLUMPKE’S PALSY?

A

DAMAGE TO LOWER ROOTS (C8 AND T1) OF PLEXUS

EXCESSIVE UPWARD PULL OF UPPER LIMBS

GRABBING A TREE BRANCH TO BREAK A FALL
PULLING INFANTS ARM DURING DELIVERY

71
Q

HOW DOES KLUMPKE’S PALSY PRESENT?

A

SHORT INTRINSIC HAND MUSCLES ARE PARALYZED SO GET CLAW HAND

72
Q

WHAT CAUSES SATURDAY NIGHT PALSY?

A

DAMAGE TO RADIAL NERVE

CAN HAPPEN THROUGH EXCESSIVE PRESSURE ON AXILLA

CRUTCHES OR SLEEPING ON A CHAIR WITH AXILLA COMPRESSED

(get wrist drop)

73
Q

*****Cardinal sign for damage to radial nerve

A

wrist drop

74
Q

If you can not wipe yourself, what nerve damaged?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

75
Q

A patient with thoracodorsal nerve damage will have weakness in?

A

extension, medial rotation, and adduction of arm

76
Q

What type of surgery can the thoracodorsal nerve be potentially damaged from?

A

breast surgery

77
Q

what is hypesthesia

A

reduced sensation

78
Q

if you have hypesthesia in lateral forearm and weakness of elbow flexion, what nerve could possibly be damaged?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

GAR (11 decks)

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