Garland (2001) "Culture of control" Chapter 5 Flashcards
Adaption, Denial, New criminology predicament, Acting out , The modernisation process, professionalisation, rationalisation, responsibilzation, criminology of self, proffesionalization , risk society
What is Garland’s main argument?
“The criminology predicament”
Garland argues that crime control policies in late modernity are split into two main responses that are contradictory yet coexisting; Pragmatic adaptations (ADAPTION) to the realities of crime and justice AND also implementing symbolic emotionally driven reactions to public anxieties(DENIAL)
Complete equation ? + ? = handle new criminological predicament
Garland is basically highlighting that crime control policies kind of go like this : Pragmatic adaption + Symbolic Actions (denial) = Handle new criminological predicament
What does the term “new criminology predicament” mean exactly?
3 points
1)The state faced a lot of pressure to maintain order and crime control as high crime was beginning to appear normalised
2) It highlighted the limitations of the criminal justice state
3) Highlighted the decline of trust in governmental authority and the sovereign state= myth
List 5 or more consequences of the modernisation process?
Increased Economic Wealth, Change in media, automobiles, suburbs, change in traditional family structures, Individualism etc
What was the MOST IMPORTANT consequence of the modernisation process?
CRIME!
What two responses did the new criminological predicament result in?
Adaptability & Denial
What were the characteristics of the two responses to the new criminological predicament (New policy predicament)?
They were contradictory YET coexisting responses
Explain in simple terms what the “policy predicament” was ?
The state faced a lot of pressures to maintain order and control the rising crime rates AND to alleviate public anxieties surrounding crime.
What bracket of responses to the policy predicament does preventative partnership fall under? & what does it mean?
Adaption. Means ‘power’ was diffused and crime prevention didn’t rely solely on states, individuals and industries also had responsibility to prevent crime.
What bracket of responses to the policy predicament does **professionalisation **fall under? & what does it mean?
Adaption. Means involving trained professionals, like criminologists, to design and implement new policies
What bracket of responses to the policy predicament does punitive segregation fall under? & what does it mean?
Denial. means the way that modern societies respond to crime by segregating &punishing offenders
What bracket of responses to the policy predicament does rationalisation fall under? & what does it mean?
Adaptation. means using and applying logic or technology to manage crime control ie using statistics/ tech
What bracket of responses to the policy predicament does **criminology of self ** fall under? & what does it mean?
Adaptation. It’s about viewing individuals as responsible for their own actions and expecting them to take steps to avoid becoming victims or offenders.Less about the crime, more about offender/ victim
What bracket of responses to the policy predicament does criminology of the other fall under? & what does it mean?
Denial. offenders are seen as deviant, intrinsically evil individuals, and presented as the “other” that are disrupting the norm “not like us”
What is a criticism to the politics of denial/politics of adaption?
These measures suggest that harsher measures means more compliance however, this is not always the case. It ignores the socio-economic reason as to why one might commit a crime