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Higher Biology > Gamete Production And Fertilisation > Flashcards

Gamete Production And Fertilisation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the site of the male gamete (sperm) production?

A

The testes produce sperm in the seminiferous tubules

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2
Q

What is the path way of sperm leaving the body?

A

Sperm is transported from the testes to the urethra via the sperm duct. The urethra takes the sperm out the body

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3
Q

Where is testosterone produced?

A

Testosterone is produced in the interstitial cells between the seminiferous tubules

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4
Q

What produces semen?

A

The accessory glands. The prostate gland and seminal gland

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5
Q

What’s the purpose of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles creating a fluid?

A

To maintain the mobility and viability of the sperm

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6
Q

Seminiferous tubules function

A

To form sperm

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7
Q

Interstitial cells function

A

Produces testosterone

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8
Q

Accessory gland function

A

Produces a fluid to maintain the mobility and viability of the sperm

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9
Q

Sperm function

A

To fertilise the egg

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10
Q

Sperm duct function

A

Path way for sperm to leave the body

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11
Q

Penis function

A

Makes the sperm leave the body

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12
Q

Where might fertilisation occur?

A

The oviduct

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13
Q

Where is the ova produced?

A

The ovaries

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14
Q

Where does the baby grow?

A

In the uterus/womb

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15
Q

What is the function of the vagina?

A

Where penis is inserted

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16
Q

What is the cervix?

A

The neck of the uterus which connects to the vagina

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17
Q

What’s the function of the uterus lining?

A

Favourable conditions of in plantations of embryo

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18
Q

Where are ova formed?

A

In the ovaries

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19
Q

What’s the function of a developing follicle?

A

Protects the developing ovum and secretes hormones

20
Q

Describe what happens to the egg if or if not fertilisation occurs

A

Mature ova are realised into the oviduct where they are either

Discarded during menstruation

Fertilised by sperm to form a zygote

21
Q

What are hormones?

A

Hormones are chemical messengers

22
Q

Where are hormones produced?

A

In the endocrine gland and secreted into the blood stream

23
Q

What do hormones control

A

The onset of puberty
Sperm production
The menstrual cycle

24
Q

Hypothalamus function

A

Small structure located in the base of the brain. Where the nervous and hormonal systems interact

25
Q

Pituitary gland function

A

Gland hanging from the underside of the brain. It secrets hormones that control many other glands in the body.

26
Q

What regulates the pituitary gland?

A

The hypothalamus

27
Q

What happens at puberty onset?

A

The hypothalamus secrets a releaser hormone that targets the pituitary gland.
The pituitary gland then produces FSH and LH in woman and produces FSH and ICSH in men.

28
Q

What does ICSH do?

A

Testosterone simulates development of male sexual characteristics

29
Q

What does FSH do?

A

Follicle develops in females or simulated sperm production in seminiferous tubules

30
Q

What does LH do?

A

Simulated ovulation in females and brings the development of corpus luteum

31
Q

What does testosterone do?

A

Simulated sperm production

32
Q

What are the two female sex hormones?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

33
Q

What type of hormones in females are pituitary?

A

LH and FSH

34
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Promotes further development and vascularisation of endometrium into spongy layer rich in blood vessels ready for blastocysts implantion.

35
Q

If fertilisation occurs what’s progesterones job?

A

To inhibit the secretion of FSH and LH into the pituitary gland (no more follicles developed)

36
Q

How long are men fertile for?

A

Men are continuously fertile

37
Q

How long are women fertile for?

A

Around 1-2 days

38
Q

What can happen to a female body when they are fertile?

A

Body temperature can rise by about 0.5*

Due to high levels of oestrogen the cervicle mucus thickens

39
Q

Causes of infertility

A

Failure to ovulate
Blockage of uterine tubes
Failure of implantation
Low/ defective sperm

40
Q

Treatments for infertility

A

Simulating ovulation
Artificial insemination
In vitro fertilisation (IVF)
Intracyptoplasmic sperm (ICSI)

41
Q

What can simulate ovulation?

A

Drugs that mimic FSH and LH

Drugs that prevent negative feedback of oestrogen on FH secretion

42
Q

What is IVF?

A

Sperm are collected and mixed with ova in a culture dish to fertilise the ova.

Zygotes incubated until at least 8 cells formed and then transferred to uterus for implantation

43
Q

What is ISCI

A

Used in conjunction with IVF

This involves injecting a healthy sperm directly into the eggs to bring about fertilisation

44
Q

What is artificial insemination?

A

Several samples of sperm is collected and frozen. Then inserted into the females reproductive tract when the women is the most fertile

45
Q

What is PGD?

A

Checks for a known single gene disorder or chromosomal abnormality

Higher Biology (6 decks)

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