Gait: The 8 divisions Flashcards
initial contact
begins the moment the foot touches the ground and is the first phase of double support
*hip flexion, then plantar and dorsi flexion
*knee flexion
*Plantar flexion is allowed by eccentric contraction of the tibialis anterior
*Extension of the knee is caused by a contraction of the quadriceps
*Flexion is caused by a contraction of the hamstrings
*Flexion of the hip is caused by the contraction of the rectus femoris.
Loading response:
*Body absorbs the impact of the foot by rolling in pronation
*Hip moves slowly into extension, caused by a contraction of the adductor magnus and gluteus maximus muscles.
Midstance
Hip moves from 10° of flexion to extension by contraction of the gluteus medius muscle
*Knee reaches maximal flexion and then begins to extend.
*Ankle becomes supinated and dorsiflexed (5°), which is caused by some contraction of the triceps surae muscles.
the phase where the body is supported by one single leg and begins to move from force absorption at impact to force propulsion forward.
midtance
terminal stance:
Begins when the heel leaves the floor.
Bodyweight is divided over the metatarsal heads.
hip hyperextension, which then goes into flexion.
Knee becomes flexed (0-5°)[4]
Ankle supinates and plantar flexes.
pre swing
Hip becomes less extended.
Knee is flexed
Plantar flexion of the ankle increases
The toes leave the ground.
early swing
Hip extends
and then flexes due to contraction of the iliopsoas muscle° with lateral rotation
Knee flexes
mid swing
hip flexes by contraction of the adductors
ankle becomes dorsiflexed due to a contraction of the tibialis anterior muscle
Knee flexes 60° but then extends approximately 30° due to the contraction of the sartorius muscle. caused by quadriceps muscles)
late swing
Hip flexion of 25-30°
Locked extension of the knee
Neutral position of the ankle
