gait

Question 1

definition of gait

Answer 1

the manner or style of walking.

Question 2

normal walking speed primarily involves what?

Answer 2

lower extremities, with the arms and trunk providing stability and balance.

Question 3

faster speeds primarily involves what?

Answer 3

the upper extremities
trunk for propulsion
balance and stability with the lower limb joints producing greater ranges of motion

Question 4

gait cycle?

Answer 4

is a repetitive pattern involving steps and stride

Question 5

step?

Answer 5

one single step

Question 6

stride?

Answer 6

a whole gait cycle

Question 7

step time?

Answer 7

time between heel strike of one leg and heel strike of the contralateral leg

Question 8

Step width?

Answer 8

the mediolateral space between the two feet

Question 9

stance phase?

Answer 9

occupies 60% of the gait cycle, during which one leg and foot are bearing most or all of the bodyweight

Question 10

swing phase?

Answer 10

*occupies only 40% of it

*the foot is not touching the walking surface

*the bodyweight is borne by the other leg and foot.

Question 11

phases of the gait cycle:

Answer 11

initial Contact
Loading Response
Midstance
Terminal Stance
Pre swing
Initial Swing
Mid Swing
Late Swing.

Question 12

what is biomechanics?

Answer 12

Biomechanics refers to the way our muscles, bones, and joints work together as we move

Question 13

what does running require?

Answer 13

Balance
Muscle STR
Joint ROM

Question 14

since the runner is moving faster

Answer 14

less time is spent in stance phase, and toe off occurs quicker The timing oftoe offdepends on speed

Question 15

double support:

Answer 15

– when both feet are touching the ground

Question 16

with running gait, instead of 2 phases of double support what happens?

Answer 16

insteaddouble floatoccurs, once at the beginning of swing and at the end of swing

As speed increases,time spent in swingincreases,stance timedecreases,double floatincreases, andcycle timeshortens

Question 17

absorption and generation:

Answer 17

alternating periods of acceleration and deceleration that occur within the running gait cycle

They are not in sync with initial contact and toe off, and occur during loading response.

Question 18

Ground Reaction Force

Answer 18

is created between the foot and the ground, in which the foot and ground exert an equal and opposite force on each other.

Question 19

The direction and magnitude of the ground reaction force is determined by

Answer 19

by the position and acceleration of the runner’s center of mass.

Question 20

what will happen when tries to accelerate with their body upright?

Answer 20

they would fall backward due to the direction of the GRF

Question 21

A forward trunk lean and pelvic tilt keep the

Answer 21

GRF in a position to allow forward acceleration

Question 22

how is the diagonal elastic strategy utilized

Answer 22

GRF in a position to allow forward acceleration

The force continually flows up and down these force pathways alternately. The pattern of force distribution prevents force being concentrated in one area, but allows wide distribution of force throughout the body.

Question 23

different phases

Answer 23

Toe off Phase
Swing Phase
Stance/Support Phase
Heel strike Phase
Floating Phase

Answer 24

Support(Isometric)
Toe Off (Concentric)
Swing(Eccentric)
Floating(Eccentric)
Footstrike (Concentric)

Question 25

Running vs. Walking

Answer 25

Stride length increases w/speed

Stride frequency increases w/speed

Swing phase longer when running

Stance phase longer when walking

Airborne during running; one point of contact maintained when walking

Question 26

The Running Cycle

Answer 26

Stance—foot on ground
Swing—foot coming up or down
Float—not touching the ground