Gait lecture info Flashcards
1
Q
normal gait definition
A
translation of the human body from one point to another by way of bipedal motion
repetitious sequence of limb motion to move body while simultaneously maintaining stab
least muscular effort
2
Q
3 approaches to viewing gate
A
- reciprocal floor contact patterns
- spatial temporal (time to get from A to B)
3 .fxnal sig of events in cycle
3
Q
Stance phases
A
initial double limb stance
single limb support
terminal double limb stance
4
Q
amount of time in stance phases
A
60% total
Initial DLS: 10%
SLS: 40%
Terminal DLS: 10%
5
Q
amount of time in swing phases
A
40%
6
Q
normal walking speed
A
3 mph, 1.3 m/s, or 80 m/min
-62% and 38%
7
Q
As speed increases, DLS time ___ and SLS time ____
A
decreases, increases
8
Q
stride duration
A
time to complete a stride
9
Q
step duration
A
time to complete a step
10
Q
Cadence
A
of steps/unit time: usually steps/minute
avg: 113 steps/min
males: 110-111, women: 115-117
11
Q
cadence for running
A
180 steps/min
12
Q
speed
A
cadence x step length
13
Q
avg speed
A
80-82 meters/minute
264 feet/minute
4.4 feet/s
14
Q
step length
A
from the heel of one foot to the heel of the other (think footprints in sand)
15
Q
stride length
A
from the heel of one foot to the heel of the same foot (footprints in sand)
16
Q
width of walking base
A
linear distance between one foot and the other (avg 3 in (1-5 inches))
17
Q
degree of toe out
A
anglr of foot placement in relation to linear line of progression (avg = 7degrees)
18
Q
average distance of clearance
A
1 cm
19
Q
how many total phases?
A
8
20
Q
double limb support phases
A
initial contact
loading response
pre swing
21
Q
single limb support phases
A
mid stance
terminal stance
22
Q
swing phases
A
initial swing
mid swing
terminal swing
23
Q
phases with weight acceptance goal
A
initial contact
loading response
24
Q
phases with limb advancement goal
A
pre, initial, mid, terminal swing
25
IC phase %
0-2% GC (point in time, not really a phase)
26
loading pattern of IC determined by ....
joint posture
27
IC objectives
start stance with heel rocker
| impact deceleration
28
LR %
0-10%
29
LR DLS begins with ____ and ends with ____
initial floor contact, other foot lifted
30
LR objectives
shock abs
WB stability
Progression preservation
31
MSt %
10-30
32
MSt begins when ____ ends when _____
other foot lifted, BW over forefoot
33
MSt objectives
limb and trunk stability
| progression over stationary foot
34
TSt %
30-50
35
TSt begins with ____ and ends with ____
heel rise, when other foot strikes. **BW ahead of forefoot
36
TSt objectives
progression of body beyond supporting foot
37
Preswing/Pushoff %
50-60
38
Preswing/Pushoff begins with ___ and ends with ___
IC opp limb, ipsil toe off
39
Preswing/Pushoff objectives
position limb for swing
propulsion
weight shift
40
ISw %
60-73%
41
ISw begins with ___ and ends with ___
lift off foot from floor, swinging foot opp stance foot
42
ISw objectives
foot clearance
| advancement of limb fro trailing position
43
MSw %
73-87%
44
MSw begins with ___ and ends with ___
swing leg is opp stance limb, leg forward, tibia vertical
45
MSw objectives
limb advancement
| foot clearance
46
TSw %
87-100%
47
TSw begins with ___ and ends with ___
tib vertical, foot strikes floor
48
TSw objectives
complete limb advancement
| prepare stance
49
locomotor vs passenger
locomotor=legs
| passenger=head and trunk and hips
50
fxn of locomotor
- propulsion (forward prog)
- stance stability
- shock absorption
- energy conservation
51
Weight acceptance (IC+LR) objectives and challenge
shock abs, initial limb stability, forward progression
challenge: abrupt transfer of BW onto a limb that has just finished swinging - makes it unstable
52
SLS (MSt+TSt) objectives
stability
| forward progression
53
Limb advancement (swings) objectives
foot clearance
| limb advancement
54
upright stability of locomotor function
HAT - top heavy relationship to lower limbs
must consider where gravity and ground reaction force are in relation to joint axes and also BOS
55
Rocker at IC
heel rocker
56
rocker at MSt
ankle rocker
57
rocker at push off/TSt
forefoot rocker
58
minimum ankle ROM for normal gait
20 PF to 10 DF
59
minimum subtalar range for normal gait
4-6 pronation to 4-6 sup
60
minimum MTP ROM
0 flex to 55 ext
61
lots of PF activity in...
LR until PSw
62
not much PF activity in...
swing phase
63
at IC, ankle at __degrees
90
64
Pretibial mm fxn at IC
slow PF motion
65
lack of pretib's at IC tend to have __
foot slap
66
in LR, tibia is drawn ___ as foot drops
forward
67
ankle action in MSt
ankle DF
| ankle rocker for progression
68
_____ restrains ankle ___ in MSt
gastroc/soleus, DF
69
in TSt, the heel rises with continued ankle ___ and has strong _____ action for push off to keep us from falling forward
DF, gastroc/soleus
70
In PSw, there is a second arc of ankle __
PF
71
In PSw, the knee initiates __ for swing
flexion
72
In ISw, there is a second arc of ankle __, and we need foot ______ for limb advancement
DF, clearance
73
in MSw there is continued ankle __ and foot ___
DF, clearance
74
in TSw, there is support of the ankle in neurtral by activation of the __ mm's to prepare for IC
DF (pretibials)
75
the force of gravity is a force of __ at the ankle in terminal swing
PF
76
When there is IC on the R, the L is in _______
push off
77
min knee ROM
0-60 flex
78
in TSw, the knee should be in ___ in oder to complete step length and prepare for stancw
extension
79
At initial contact the knee is ___
extended
80
For shock absorption it is important to have a quick __ torque followed by a ___ torque at the knee
extension, flexion
81
At the loading response, the knee is in ___ degrees of ___
15 of flexion
82
the function of the knee at LR is for
shock absorption
83
At MSt, the knee should be in ____
extension
84
at TSt, the knee should be in
extension
85
At preswing, there is passive knee ___ to prepare for swing
flexion
86
At initial swing, the knee should be in ___ for foot ____ and limb ___
flexion, clearance, advancement
87
there should be passive knee ___ at mid swing for limb ______
extension
| advancment
88
at terminal swing, the knee should be in _____ for limb advancement and to prepare for stance
extension
89
Glut max weakness causes
posterior trunk lean
90
posterior trunk lean
changes MA at hip, increases gravitational moment, decreases need for hip ext torque
91
glut med weakness causes _____ which alters the ____ of hip
trunk lean, moment arm
92
At IC, the hip should be ___ to ___ degrees
flexed, 20
93
compromise at IC at hips
btw instability and longer step length and stability by vertical force
94
In LR, WB stability challenged by
30 hip flex
ant GRF
forward momentum
95
At MSt, hips are moving toward ___and the GRF is at ___
extension, the center of the hip joint
96
At TSt, there is ___ of hip and the ___ is active
hyperextension, TFL
97
At Preswing there is hip ___
flexion to neutral, as ankle carries knee into flex, also flexes hip
98
At initial swing there is hip ___
flexion
99
at mid swing there is continued hip ___
flexion
100
at terminal swing, there is a cessation of hip ___. The ___'s control further ____ and prepare for stance.
flexion, hamstrings, flexion
101
O2 rate
amount of oxygen consumed per minute divided by BW
determines intensity of sustained exercise and related to the length of time that exercise can be performed
102
O2 cost
amount of energy needed to walk 1 meter normalized to BW.
tells you about efficiency of ambulation.
103
physiologic ambulation
patient engages in ambulation of exercise purposes only, does not use ambulation as a primary source of mobility even in the home
104
household ambulation
pt can manage distance within the home (60-80 m) but lacks endurance, speed, cognition, or skill to handle obstacles routinely encountered outside of the home
105
community ambulation
continuous ambulation of at least 350 m at a velocity that approximates age approp norms, accomplished in a safe manner
106
IC critical events
heel 1st contact
107
LR critical events
passive knee flex to 15
ankle PF to 10
hip stability
108
MSt critical events
controlled tibial advancement
109
Tst critical events
ankle locked in 10 DF
heel rise
trailing limb posture
110
PreSwing critical events
knee passively flexed 40
111
Initial swing critical events
hip flex 15
| knee flex 60
112
midswing critical events
hip flex 25
| ankle to neutral
113
terminal swing critical events
knee extended to neutral
