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kines II > Gait lecture info > Flashcards

Gait lecture info Flashcards

1
Q

normal gait definition

A

translation of the human body from one point to another by way of bipedal motion

repetitious sequence of limb motion to move body while simultaneously maintaining stab

least muscular effort

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2
Q

3 approaches to viewing gate

A
  1. reciprocal floor contact patterns
  2. spatial temporal (time to get from A to B)
    3 .fxnal sig of events in cycle
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3
Q

Stance phases

A

initial double limb stance
single limb support
terminal double limb stance

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4
Q

amount of time in stance phases

A

60% total
Initial DLS: 10%
SLS: 40%
Terminal DLS: 10%

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5
Q

amount of time in swing phases

A

40%

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6
Q

normal walking speed

A

3 mph, 1.3 m/s, or 80 m/min

-62% and 38%

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7
Q

As speed increases, DLS time ___ and SLS time ____

A

decreases, increases

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8
Q

stride duration

A

time to complete a stride

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9
Q

step duration

A

time to complete a step

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10
Q

Cadence

A

of steps/unit time: usually steps/minute

avg: 113 steps/min
males: 110-111, women: 115-117

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11
Q

cadence for running

A

180 steps/min

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12
Q

speed

A

cadence x step length

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13
Q

avg speed

A

80-82 meters/minute
264 feet/minute
4.4 feet/s

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14
Q

step length

A

from the heel of one foot to the heel of the other (think footprints in sand)

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15
Q

stride length

A

from the heel of one foot to the heel of the same foot (footprints in sand)

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16
Q

width of walking base

A

linear distance between one foot and the other (avg 3 in (1-5 inches))

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17
Q

degree of toe out

A

anglr of foot placement in relation to linear line of progression (avg = 7degrees)

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18
Q

average distance of clearance

A

1 cm

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19
Q

how many total phases?

A

8

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20
Q

double limb support phases

A

initial contact
loading response
pre swing

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21
Q

single limb support phases

A

mid stance

terminal stance

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22
Q

swing phases

A

initial swing
mid swing
terminal swing

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23
Q

phases with weight acceptance goal

A

initial contact

loading response

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24
Q

phases with limb advancement goal

A

pre, initial, mid, terminal swing

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25
Q

IC phase %

A

0-2% GC (point in time, not really a phase)

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26
Q

loading pattern of IC determined by ….

A

joint posture

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27
Q

IC objectives

A

start stance with heel rocker

impact deceleration

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28
Q

LR %

A

0-10%

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29
Q

LR DLS begins with ____ and ends with ____

A

initial floor contact, other foot lifted

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30
Q

LR objectives

A

shock abs
WB stability
Progression preservation

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31
Q

MSt %

A

10-30

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32
Q

MSt begins when ____ ends when _____

A

other foot lifted, BW over forefoot

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33
Q

MSt objectives

A

limb and trunk stability

progression over stationary foot

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34
Q

TSt %

A

30-50

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35
Q

TSt begins with ____ and ends with ____

A

heel rise, when other foot strikes. **BW ahead of forefoot

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36
Q

TSt objectives

A

progression of body beyond supporting foot

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37
Q

Preswing/Pushoff %

A

50-60

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38
Q

Preswing/Pushoff begins with ___ and ends with ___

A

IC opp limb, ipsil toe off

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39
Q

Preswing/Pushoff objectives

A

position limb for swing
propulsion
weight shift

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40
Q

ISw %

A

60-73%

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41
Q

ISw begins with ___ and ends with ___

A

lift off foot from floor, swinging foot opp stance foot

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42
Q

ISw objectives

A

foot clearance

advancement of limb fro trailing position

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43
Q

MSw %

A

73-87%

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44
Q

MSw begins with ___ and ends with ___

A

swing leg is opp stance limb, leg forward, tibia vertical

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45
Q

MSw objectives

A

limb advancement

foot clearance

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46
Q

TSw %

A

87-100%

47
Q

TSw begins with ___ and ends with ___

A

tib vertical, foot strikes floor

48
Q

TSw objectives

A

complete limb advancement

prepare stance

49
Q

locomotor vs passenger

A

locomotor=legs

passenger=head and trunk and hips

50
Q

fxn of locomotor

A
  • propulsion (forward prog)
  • stance stability
  • shock absorption
  • energy conservation
51
Q

Weight acceptance (IC+LR) objectives and challenge

A

shock abs, initial limb stability, forward progression

challenge: abrupt transfer of BW onto a limb that has just finished swinging - makes it unstable

52
Q

SLS (MSt+TSt) objectives

A

stability

forward progression

53
Q

Limb advancement (swings) objectives

A

foot clearance

limb advancement

54
Q

upright stability of locomotor function

A

HAT - top heavy relationship to lower limbs

must consider where gravity and ground reaction force are in relation to joint axes and also BOS

55
Q

Rocker at IC

A

heel rocker

56
Q

rocker at MSt

A

ankle rocker

57
Q

rocker at push off/TSt

A

forefoot rocker

58
Q

minimum ankle ROM for normal gait

A

20 PF to 10 DF

59
Q

minimum subtalar range for normal gait

A

4-6 pronation to 4-6 sup

60
Q

minimum MTP ROM

A

0 flex to 55 ext

61
Q

lots of PF activity in…

A

LR until PSw

62
Q

not much PF activity in…

A

swing phase

63
Q

at IC, ankle at __degrees

A

90

64
Q

Pretibial mm fxn at IC

A

slow PF motion

65
Q

lack of pretib’s at IC tend to have __

A

foot slap

66
Q

in LR, tibia is drawn ___ as foot drops

A

forward

67
Q

ankle action in MSt

A

ankle DF

ankle rocker for progression

68
Q

_____ restrains ankle ___ in MSt

A

gastroc/soleus, DF

69
Q

in TSt, the heel rises with continued ankle ___ and has strong _____ action for push off to keep us from falling forward

A

DF, gastroc/soleus

70
Q

In PSw, there is a second arc of ankle __

A

PF

71
Q

In PSw, the knee initiates __ for swing

A

flexion

72
Q

In ISw, there is a second arc of ankle __, and we need foot ______ for limb advancement

A

DF, clearance

73
Q

in MSw there is continued ankle __ and foot ___

A

DF, clearance

74
Q

in TSw, there is support of the ankle in neurtral by activation of the __ mm’s to prepare for IC

A

DF (pretibials)

75
Q

the force of gravity is a force of __ at the ankle in terminal swing

A

PF

76
Q

When there is IC on the R, the L is in _______

A

push off

77
Q

min knee ROM

A

0-60 flex

78
Q

in TSw, the knee should be in ___ in oder to complete step length and prepare for stancw

A

extension

79
Q

At initial contact the knee is ___

A

extended

80
Q

For shock absorption it is important to have a quick __ torque followed by a ___ torque at the knee

A

extension, flexion

81
Q

At the loading response, the knee is in ___ degrees of ___

A

15 of flexion

82
Q

the function of the knee at LR is for

A

shock absorption

83
Q

At MSt, the knee should be in ____

A

extension

84
Q

at TSt, the knee should be in

A

extension

85
Q

At preswing, there is passive knee ___ to prepare for swing

A

flexion

86
Q

At initial swing, the knee should be in ___ for foot ____ and limb ___

A

flexion, clearance, advancement

87
Q

there should be passive knee ___ at mid swing for limb ______

A

extension

advancment

88
Q

at terminal swing, the knee should be in _____ for limb advancement and to prepare for stance

A

extension

89
Q

Glut max weakness causes

A

posterior trunk lean

90
Q

posterior trunk lean

A

changes MA at hip, increases gravitational moment, decreases need for hip ext torque

91
Q

glut med weakness causes _____ which alters the ____ of hip

A

trunk lean, moment arm

92
Q

At IC, the hip should be ___ to ___ degrees

A

flexed, 20

93
Q

compromise at IC at hips

A

btw instability and longer step length and stability by vertical force

94
Q

In LR, WB stability challenged by

A

30 hip flex
ant GRF
forward momentum

95
Q

At MSt, hips are moving toward ___and the GRF is at ___

A

extension, the center of the hip joint

96
Q

At TSt, there is ___ of hip and the ___ is active

A

hyperextension, TFL

97
Q

At Preswing there is hip ___

A

flexion to neutral, as ankle carries knee into flex, also flexes hip

98
Q

At initial swing there is hip ___

A

flexion

99
Q

at mid swing there is continued hip ___

A

flexion

100
Q

at terminal swing, there is a cessation of hip ___. The ___’s control further ____ and prepare for stance.

A

flexion, hamstrings, flexion

101
Q

O2 rate

A

amount of oxygen consumed per minute divided by BW

determines intensity of sustained exercise and related to the length of time that exercise can be performed

102
Q

O2 cost

A

amount of energy needed to walk 1 meter normalized to BW.

tells you about efficiency of ambulation.

103
Q

physiologic ambulation

A

patient engages in ambulation of exercise purposes only, does not use ambulation as a primary source of mobility even in the home

104
Q

household ambulation

A

pt can manage distance within the home (60-80 m) but lacks endurance, speed, cognition, or skill to handle obstacles routinely encountered outside of the home

105
Q

community ambulation

A

continuous ambulation of at least 350 m at a velocity that approximates age approp norms, accomplished in a safe manner

106
Q

IC critical events

A

heel 1st contact

107
Q

LR critical events

A

passive knee flex to 15
ankle PF to 10
hip stability

108
Q

MSt critical events

A

controlled tibial advancement

109
Q

Tst critical events

A

ankle locked in 10 DF
heel rise
trailing limb posture

110
Q

PreSwing critical events

A

knee passively flexed 40

111
Q

Initial swing critical events

A

hip flex 15

knee flex 60

112
Q

midswing critical events

A

hip flex 25

ankle to neutral

113
Q

terminal swing critical events

A

knee extended to neutral

kines II (7 decks)

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