Gait and Falls Outcome Measure

Question 1

normal gait speed for men and woman

Answer 1

men - 1.32 m/s

women - 1.27 m/s

Question 2

What gait speed is considered health aging?

- Healthy older population with lower risk of hospitalization or adverse health events;independent in ADLs

Answer 2

> or = 1.0 m/s

Question 3

gait speed needed to cross the street safely

Answer 3

> 1.2 m/s

Question 4

% of gait cycle spent in stance and swing phase

Answer 4

stance - 60%

swing - 40%

Question 5

temporal vs spatial gait changes with age

Answer 5

temporal - person not able to change gait speed (decreased self selected gait speed)

spatial - decreased step and stride length

Question 6

temporal gait changes with age causes what?

Answer 6

increased stance time and double limb support time

Question 7

spatial gait changes with age causes what?

Answer 7

increased step width, less stable (wide BoS)

Question 8

What is the exception to spatial gait changes w/ aging

Answer 8

Parkinson’s - narrow BoS and shuffling gait instead of wide BoS

Question 9

Kinematic/Postural gait changes w/ age

Answer 9

• decreased excursion of movement at lower extremity joints
• decreased reliance on ankle kinetics and power - less push off
• less upright posture - shifts center of mass forward and person is “chasing” CoM w/ shuffle

Question 10

Slow gait speed a defining feature of ______ and ________

Answer 10

frailty and linked w/ cognitive decline

Question 11

If someone is below _____ m/s gait speed, they are considered frail

Answer 11

< 0.8 m/s

Question 12

What are the best indicators of stair climbing gait speed?

Answer 12

usual pace walking speed and SLS stance time

Question 13

gait-based outcome measures (7)

Answer 13

• 10 m walk test
• 2 min/6 min walk test
• TUG (dual task TUG - manual and cog)
• DGI
• FGA
• stair climb test
• Tinetti POMA

Question 14

An increase in gait speed of as little as ___m/s can reduce disability and mortality

Answer 14

0.1 m/s

Question 15

What is considered a recurrent faller?

Answer 15

2 or more falls in 6-12 months

Question 16

ankle strategy

Answer 16

small disturbance of BoS

- ankle muscle activiation

Question 17

hip strategy

Answer 17

sudden and forceful disturbance

- hip muscle activation

Question 18

stepping strategy

Answer 18

CoG displaced beyond limits of BoS

- forward/backward step

Question 19

Reaching strategy

Answer 19

reaction to large perturbation

- moving arms to grasp or touch object for support

Question 20

Suspensory strategy

Answer 20

lowers CoG to enhance postural stability

- flexing knees, lowering CoG

Question 21

Walking tests outcome measures (6)

Answer 21

• 2/6 MWT
• gait speed
• DGI
• FGA
• TUG
• figure 8 walking test

Question 22

Mobility scales outcome measures (3)

Answer 22

• 30 sec CRT - chair stand
• 5/10 x STS
• floor transfer

Question 23

Balance outcome measures (7)

Answer 23

• BESTest
• Berg
• Activities Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC)
• Functional Reach Test
• 4 square step test
• Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA)
• single leg stance

Question 24

Physical Performance outcome measures (4)

Answer 24

• Physical Performance Test
• Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA)
• Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)
• Grip strength

Question 25

Multidiscipline Fall Risk Tools (2)

Answer 25

• Morse Fall Scale

- Hendrich 2 Fall Risk Model (acute care only)