Gait

Question 1

Stance

Answer 1

• initial contact
• loading response
• midstance
• terminal stance
• pre-swing

Question 2

Swing

Answer 2

• initial swing
• mid swing
• terminal swing

Question 3

Initial Contact

Answer 3

Pelvis: forward rotation
Hip: 30 degrees flexion
Knee: full extension
Ankle: neutral
Toes: neutral

Question 4

Loading Response

Answer 4

Pelvis: less forward
Hip: 30 degrees flexion
Knee: 15 degrees flexion
Ankle: 15 degrees pf
Toes: neutral

Question 5

Midstance

Answer 5

Pelvis: neutral
Hip: extending to neutral
Knee: extending to neutral
Ankle: 10 degrees df
Toes: neutral

Question 6

Terminal Stance

Answer 6

Pelvis: backward rotation
Hip: hyperextension
Knee: full extension
Ankle: neutral
Toes: neutral IP, extended MP

Question 7

Pre-Swing

Answer 7

Pelvis: backward rotation
Hip: neutral extension
Knee: 35 degrees flexion
Ankle: 20 degrees pf
Toes: neutral IP, extended MP

Question 8

Initial Swing

Answer 8

Pelvis: backward rotation
Hip: 20 degrees extension
Knee: 60 degrees flexion
Ankle: 10 degrees pf
Toes: neutral

Question 9

Mid Swing

Answer 9

Pelvis: neutral rotation
Hip: 20-30 degrees flexion
Knee: 60-30 degrees flexion
Ankle: neutral
Toes: neutral

Question 10

Terminal Swing

Answer 10

Pelvis: forward rotation
Hip: 30 degrees flexion
Knee: extension to 0
Ankle: neutral
Toes: neutral

Question 11

ROM Requirements for Gait

Answer 11

Hip flexion: 0-30
Hip extension: 0-10
Knee Flexion: 0-60
Knee extension: 0
Ankle DF: 0-10
Ankle PF: 0-20

Question 12

Step Length

Answer 12

distance between R and L heel strike

Question 13

Stride Length

Answer 13

distance between R heel strike and R heel strike

Question 14

Double Step Gait Pattern

Answer 14

alternate steps are of a different length or rate

Question 15

Equine Gait Pattern

Answer 15

characterized by high steps, involves excessive activity of the gastroc

Question 16

Spastic Gait Pattern

Answer 16

stiff movement, toes catch and drag, legs held together, and hip/knee joint flexed

Question 17

Steppage Gait Pattern

Answer 17

feet and toes are lifted through hip and knee flexion, secondary to df weakness

Question 18

Tabetic Gait Pattern

Answer 18

a high stepping ataxic gait pattern in which feet slap the ground

Question 19

Gait Deviations - foot slap

Answer 19

• weak df
• df paralysis

Question 20

Gait Deviations - toe down instead of heel strike

Answer 20

• pf contracture
• pf spasticity
• limited df ROM
• weak df

Question 21

Gait Deviations - clawing of toes

Answer 21

• toe flexor spasticity
• positive support reflex

Question 22

Gait Deviations - heel lift during midstance

Answer 22

• limited df ROM
• pf spasticity

Question 23

Gait Deviations - no toe off

Answer 23

• weak pf
• weak toe flexors
• limited pf ROM

Question 24

Gait Deviations - exaggerated knee flexion at contact

Answer 24

• weak quads
• hamstring spasticity
• limited knee ROM

Question 25

Gait Deviations - hyperextension in stance

Answer 25

- weak quads - pf contacture

Question 26

Gait Deviations - exaggerated knee flexion at terminal stance

Answer 26

- knee flexion contracture - hip flexion contracture

Question 27

Gait Deviations - insufficient flexion with swing

Answer 27

- effusion - quad spasticity - pf spasticity - limited knee ROM

Question 28

Gait Deviations - excessive flexion in swing

Answer 28

- flexor withdrawal reflex - LE flexor synergy

Question 29

Gait Deviations - insufficient hip flexion at initial contact

Answer 29

- weak hip flexors - hip extensor spasticity - limited hip ROM

Question 30

Gait Deviations - insufficient hip extension at stance

Answer 30

- limited hip ROM - hip flexor contracture - LE flexion synergy

Question 31

Gait Deviations - circumduction

Answer 31

- weak hip flexors - weak df - weak hamstrings

Question 32

Gait Deviations - hip hiking during swing

Answer 32

- weak df - weak knee flexors -extensor synergy pattern

Question 33

Gait Deviations - exaggerated hip flexion during swing

Answer 33

- flexor synergy - limited ankle df