Arthokinematics, Osteokinematics

Question 1

Fibrous Joints (Synarthroses)

Answer 1

Bones that are united by fibrous tissue and are nonsynovial. Limited movement

Question 2

Suture (fibrous)

Answer 2

Ex: sagittal suture of skull
- Union of bone by ligament
- Immovable
- Will fuse to become synostosis

Question 3

Syndesmosis (fibrous)

Answer 3

Ex: tibia and fibula interosseous membrane
- Bone connected by dense fibrous membrane
- Very little motion

Question 4

Gomphosis (fibrous)

Answer 4

Ex: tooth in its socket
- Two bony surfaces connect as a peg in a hole

Question 5

Cartilaginous Joints (Amphiarthroses)

Answer 5

Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage that connects one bone to another. Slightly moveable

Question 6

Synchondrosis (cartilaginous)

Answer 6

Ex: sternum and true rib
- Hyaline cartilage
- Cartilage adjoins two ossifying centers of bone
- Provides stability during growth

Question 7

Symphysis (cartilaginous)

Answer 7

Ex: pubic symphysis
- Generally located at the midline
- Covered in hyaline or fibrocartilage
- Slight motion

Question 8

Synovial Joints (Diarthroses)

Answer 8

Free movement between bones they join. 5 components:
- joint cavity
- articular cartilage
- synovial membrane
- synovial fluid
- fibrous capsule

Question 9

Uniaxial (synovial)

Answer 9

Hinge: elbow
Pivot: AA joint

Question 10

Biaxial (synovial)

Answer 10

Condyloid: MCP joint
Saddle: CMC joint of thumb

Question 11

Multi-axial (synovial)

Answer 11

Plane: carpals
Ball and socket: hip

Question 12

Sternoclavicular Joint (convex/concave & roll/glide)

Answer 12

Elevation/Depression: convex clavicle and concave sternum = opposite
Protraction/Retraction: concave clavicle on convex sternum = same

Question 13

Ulnohumeral (convex/concave & roll/glide)

Answer 13

Concave ulna and convex humerus = same

Question 14

Radiohumeral (convex/concave & roll/glide)

Answer 14

Concave radius and convex humerus = same

Question 15

Proximal radioulnar (convex/concave & roll/glide)

Answer 15

Convex radius and concave ulna = opposite

Question 16

Distal radioulnar (convex/concave & roll/glide)

Answer 16

Concave radius and convex ulna = same

Question 17

Radiocarpal (convex/concave & roll/glide)

Answer 17

Convex carpals and concave radius = opposite

Question 18

MCP (convex/concave & roll/glide)

Answer 18

Concave phalanges and convex metacarpals = same

Question 19

Proximal/Distal IP (convex/concave & roll/glide)

Answer 19

Concave distal phalanges and convex proximal phalanges = same

Question 20

Proximal tibiofibular (convex/concave & roll/glide)

Answer 20

Concave fibula and convex tibia = same

Question 21

Distal tibiofibular

Answer 21

Convex fibula and concave tibia = opposite

Question 22

Subtalar (convex/concave & roll/glide)

Answer 22

Anterior: concave calcaneus on convex talus = same
Posterior: convex calcaneus on concave talus = opposite

Question 23

TMJ (convex/concave & roll/glide)

Answer 23

Convex mandible on concave temporal bone = opposite

Question 24

Class 1 lever

Answer 24

Ex: seesaw, pinchers
Fulcrum is in between force (input) and resistance (output)

Question 25

Class 2 lever

Answer 25

Ex: wheelbarrow
Force (input) and resistance (output) are above fulcrum

Question 26

Class 3 lever

Answer 26

Ex: biceps curl
Force (input) and resistance (output) are below fulcrum