G5: CELL TRANSPORT MECHANISM

Question 1

• is also known as the plasma membrane.
• are the ones that have control of what molecules can pass through or not.
• It separates the interior environment from the external environment. It also protects and organizes the cells.

Answer 1

Cell Membrane

Question 2

Cell Membrane Functions

Answer 2

• homeostasis.
• gatekeeper of the cell.

Question 3

Made of Phosphate, proteins, and lipids that is why it is called

Answer 3

phospholipid bilayer.

Question 4

means two layers, so you have these two layers of lipids.

Answer 4

Bilayer

Question 4

has hydrophilic phosphate heads and hydrophobic fatty acid tails. The cell membrane both repels and attracts water through the membrane at the same time.

Answer 4

A single phospholipid

Question 5

-It is a negatively charged polar head.
-“Hydro” means water and “philic” means loving or attracting towards the water and other polar compounds to make them dissolve or soluble.
-it requires a special membrane protein to pass through a lipid bilayer.

Answer 5

Hydrophilic

Question 6

• It is an uncharged, nonpolar tails of fatty acid chains.

Answer 6

Hydrophobic

Question 7

is the mechanism that doesn’t require an energy to pass through the cell membrane.

Answer 7

passive transport

Question 8

Some molecules pass right through high concentration to low concentration of the phospholipid bilayer and the cell membrane with no problems. Very small non-polar molecules are a good example of this category; examples like oxygen and carbon dioxide gas are excellent.

Answer 8

diffusion

Question 8

Some molecules, such as carbon dioxide and oxygen, can diffuse across the plasma membrane directly, but others need help to cross its hydrophobic core. In, molecules diffuse across the plasma membrane with assistance from membrane proteins, such as channels and carriers.

Answer 8

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

Question 9

Membrane protein that allows a substance to pass through its hollow core across the plasma membrane

Answer 9

CHANNEL-MEDIATED

Question 10

Membrane protein that moves a substance across the plasma membrane by changing its own shape

Answer 10

CARRIER-MEDIATED

Question 11

It is a passive transport process in which water travels from regions with lower concentrations of solutes to regions with higher concentrations.
across cellular membranes relies on the facilitated transport of water by aquaporins. Aquaporins are a class of protein channels that allow water to move quickly across membranes. It is the flow of water through a membrane that is selectively permeable, much like the membrane of a cell.

Answer 11

osmosis

Question 12

• It has a high solute concentration. A cell shrinks when submerged because the water diffuses out of the cell.

Answer 12

Hypertonic solution

Question 13

• A lower concentration of solute relative to another solution. When a cell is placed in the water diffuses into the cell, causing the cell to swell and possibly explode.

Answer 13

Hypotonic solution

Question 14

• It contains the same concentration of solutes as any other solution. When cells are placed, water diffuses into and out of the cell at the same rate.

Answer 14

Isotonic solution

Question 15

is the movement of substances across a plasma membrane up their concentration gradient.
- Substances move from a low concentration to a high concentration.
- This type of transport does require energy.

Answer 15

active transport

Question 16

Active transport of molecules that directly uses a source of chemical energy to move molecules across a membrane against their gradient.

Answer 16

primary active transport

Question 17

Involves the active transport of one substance across the cell membrane, establishing a concentration gradient

The diffusion of that transported substance down its concentration gradient provides the energy to transport a second substance across the cell membrane

Answer 17

secondary active transport

Question 18

same direction

Answer 18

Symporters

Question 19

opposite direction

Answer 19

Antiporters

Question 20

tiny vesicles detach from the plasma membrane to move materials across the membrane into the cell. It is a cellular process by which a cell internalizes any material from the external environment.

Answer 20

endocytosis

Question 21

Cell eating
is the ingestion of solid particles. It forms phagosomes into the cell by forming phagosomes; it takes sizable solid matter such as cell debris, pathogens like bacteria, dead cells, dust particles, tiny mineral particles, etc., into the cell.

Answer 21

Phagocytosis

Question 22

is the selective uptake of large molecules and particles that bind to specific receptors in membrane areas called clathrin-coated pits.

Answer 22

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 23

Cell drinking
Another form of endocytosis is when extracellular fluid is taken inside the cell by forming small vesicles. It is how the small materials enter the cell. Small molecules that are suspended in the extracellular fluid are transported through this mechanism.

Answer 23

PINOCYTOSIS

Question 24

vesicles merge with the plasma membrane to move materials out of a cell. The intracellularly synthesized material packaged in membrane-bound vesicles is exported from the cell after the vesicles fuse with the outer membrane.

Answer 24

exocytosis

Question 25

Type of transcellular transport of macromolecules such as enzymes, antibodies, proteins, etc. Vesicles undergo endocytosis on one side of a cell, move across the cell, and undergo exocytosis on the opposite side.

Answer 25

transcytosis