G4; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Question 1

-made up of smaller components
known as amino acids
-most abundant biomolecule in
the body

Answer 1

PROTEINS

Question 2

Chemical Formula of Proteins

Answer 2

• CARBON
• HYDROGEN
  -OXYGEN
• NITROGEN

Question 3

Functions of Proteins

Answer 3

Synthesis of Enzymes,
Blood Components,
Hormones
Maintenance
Repair of Existing Tissues
Production of New Tissues

Question 4

is the process in which cells
make proteins. It occurs in two stages:
transcription and translation. These two processes
are summed up by the central dogma of
molecular biology: DNA → RNA → Protein.

Answer 4

Protein synthesis

Question 5

is the process in which cells
make proteins. It occurs in two stages:
transcription and translation. These two processes
are summed up by the central dogma of
molecular biology: DNA → RNA → Protein.

Answer 5

Protein synthesis

Question 6

is the basic building blocks of nucleic
acids (DNA and RNA)

Answer 6

Nucleotide

Question 7

is an enzyme that copies DNA
sequence into an RNA sequence during the process of
transcription.

Answer 7

RNA Polymerase

Question 8

• Double-stranded
• Contains Thymine
• Eukaryotic DNA never
  leaves the nucleus

Answer 8

DNA

Question 9

• Single-stranded
• Contains Uracil
• RNA molecules can travel
  out of the nucleus

Answer 9

RNA

Question 10

It is the transfer of genetic
instructions in DNA to mRNA in
the nucleus. It includes three
steps: initiation, elongation, and
termination. After the mRNA is
processed, it carries the
instructions to a ribosome in the
cytoplasm.

Answer 10

transcription

Question 11

RNA polymerase binds to a promoter sequence
near the beginning of a gene
- The two strands of DNA ahead of the RNA
polymerase unzips, exposing their bases

Answer 11

initiation

Question 12

The RNA polymerase moves
along the DNA strand and reads
the bases to make an mRNA
strand. As the RNA polymerase
moves forward, the two strands
of DNA behind it rezips

Answer 12

Elongation

Question 13

The RNA polymerase molecule and mRNA
detaches from the DNA template strand

Answer 13

Termination

Question 14

It is the second part of the
central dogma of molecular
biology: RNA → Protein. It is the
process in which the genetic
code in mRNA are read and
moves to a ribosome, which
consists of rRNA and proteins.
After that, tRNA then brings the
correct sequence of amino acids
to the ribosome, thereby
producing a polypeptide chain
or proteins.

Answer 14

TRANSLATION

Question 15

It transports the genetic
information from the DNA in the
nucleus to the ribosomes in the
cytoplasm.

Answer 15

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 16

A structural component of
ribosomes.

Answer 16

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 17

It carries the amino acids to the
ribosome during translation
process to help in the formation of
an amino acid chain.

Answer 17

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 18

processing of translation

Answer 18

1. mRNA strand and
   ribosome binds together.
2. tRNA brings amino
   acids.
3. tRNA and ribosomes
   build the chain of amino
   acids.
4. tRNA molecule
   detaches.
5. Ribosome completes
   chain of amino acids.
6. Chain of amino acids
   detach from ribosome and
   fold up into protein.

Question 19

are sequences of three
consecutive nucleotides in a DNA
or RNA molecule that code for a
specific amino acid.

Answer 19

codons

Question 20

to decode the codons present in
the RNA strand to know the type of protein that will come in to transfer.

Answer 20

codon chart/codon wheel