G3: CELL STRUCTURE ORGANIZATION

Question 1

◎ Smallest living part of an organism
◎ the basic unit of life that helps attain the functions and structures of different organisms
◎ provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food and convert those nutrients into energy
◎ contain the body’s hereditary material and can make copies of themselves.

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

Three main parts of the cell

Answer 2

◎ Plasma Membrane
◎ Cytoplasm
◎ Nucleus

Question 3

◎ Also called as cell membrane
◎ outer covering of the cell
◎ fluid mosaic lipid bilayer studded with protein and surrounds cytoplasm
◎ protects cellular contents and controls the kind of substance that enters and exits the cells

Answer 3

Plasma Membrane

Question 4

◎ Made up of a jelly like fluid and other structures that surround the nucleus
◎ contains the organelles of the cell
◎ site of all intracellular activities

Answer 4

Cytoplasm

Question 5

◎ A cell’s inner liquid medium is called the and it is mostly made up of water
◎ The majority of metabolic processes take place here such as transporting metabolites.
◎ The difference between the
and the Cytoplasm is that the is just the fluid where most of the metabolic processes happen, while the Cytoplasm is the contents of the entire cell membrane like the organelles and such

Answer 5

Cytosol

Question 6

◎ The term literally means “little organs”

◎ All of them have their specific function to keep the cell alive

Answer 6

Organelles

Question 7

◎The is an essential component of how the cell organizes cell division.
◎ In interphase, it controls cell motility, adhesion, and polarity, and during mitosis, it aids in the assembly of the spindle poles.

Answer 7

Centrosome

Question 7

◎ It is involved in the transportation of substances throughout the cell.
◎ It plays a primary role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, synthesis of lipids, steroids and proteins.
◎ It is a system of membranous cisternae (flattened sacs) extending throughout the cytoplasm.

Answer 7

Endoplasmic 
Reticulum (ER)

Question 8

◎ It is involved in the transportation of substances throughout the cell.
◎ It plays a primary role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, synthesis of lipids, steroids and proteins.
◎ It is a system of membranous cisternae (flattened sacs) extending throughout the cytoplasm.

Answer 8

Endoplasmic 
Reticulum (ER)

Question 9

• Lacks ribosomes

- synthesizes fatty acids and steroids

Answer 9

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

Question 10

• Ribosomes attached to the nuclear envelope

- Synthesizes glycoproteins and phospholipids

Answer 10

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Question 11

◎ This pack and sort the proteins for
secretion. It creates lysosomes and
transports lipids around the cells.
◎ It is the site of the modification, completion, and export of secretory proteins and glycoproteins.
◎ Secretory proteins and glycoproteins, cell membrane proteins and glycoproteins, lysosomal proteins, and some glycolipids all pass through the Golgi structure at some point in their maturation.

Answer 11

Golgi Complex

Question 12

◎ It protects the cell by engulfing
the foreign bodies entering the cell
and help in cell renewal. Therefore, they are known as the cell’s suicide bags.
◎ Potentially dangerous hydrolytic enzymes functioning in acidic conditions (pH 5) are segregated in the lysosomes to protect the other components of the cell from random destruction.
◎ are bound by a single phospholipid bilayer membrane.

Answer 12

Lysosomes

Question 13

◎ Motile Projections of the cell surface

◎ Composed of microtubules, plasma membrane, and basal body

Answer 13

Cilia and Flagella

Question 14

• Move fluids on the surface
• Oarlike movement
• Short, hairlike structure

Answer 14

Cilia (Cilium)

Question 15

• Move the whole cell
• Wavelike movement
• Longer than cilia

Answer 15

Flagella (Flagellum)

Question 16

◎ Site for synthesizing proteins
◎ Has two subunits produced in nucleolus
◎ May be found in the endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, or mitochondria

Answer 16

Ribosomes

Question 17

◎small vesicles, single membrane-bound organelles found in the eukaryotic cells.
◎made of a phospholipid bilayer with many membrane-bound proteins.
◎The main function of is the lipid metabolism and the processing of reactive oxygen species.

Answer 17

Peroxisomes

Question 18

◎ are protein complexes that use proteolysis to destroy unwanted or damaged proteins.
◎ Can be found in the cytoplasm and in the nuclei of all eukaryotic cells.

Answer 18

Proteasome

Question 19

◎Produce the most of the chemical energy required to power the biochemical reactions of the cell.
◎The - energy is stored in a small molecule known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Answer 19

Mitochondria

Question 20

◎ It is considered as the “Brain of the Cell” because it controls and regulates the activities of the cell
◎ It is also the organelle which contains the chromosomes

Answer 20

Nucleus