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physics 2 ocr > G481 Definitions > Flashcards

G481 Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Displacement is defined as

A

The distance travelled in a particular direction

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2
Q

Velocity is defined as

A

The rate of change of displacement with time

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3
Q

A scalar quantity

A

Has only magnitude

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4
Q

A vector quantity

A

Has both magnitude and direction

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5
Q

Acceleration is defined as

A

The rate of change of velocity with time

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6
Q

The gradient of a displacement time graph is equal to

A

Velocity

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7
Q

The gradient of a velocity time graph is equal to

A

Acceleration

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8
Q

The area under a velocity time graph is equal to

A

Displacement

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9
Q

The 4 equations of motion apply only in situations where which 2 conditions are met?

A

The acceleration is constant

The motion is in a straight line

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10
Q

One Newton is defined as

A

The force that will give a 1Kg mass an acceleration of 1ms-2 in the direction of the force

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11
Q

Newton’s 1st Law states…

A

An object will remain at rest or move with constant velocity unless it is acted on by an external force

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12
Q

Newton’s 2nd Law states

A

If there is a resultant external force on an object it will accelerate in the direction of the external force. The acceleration is directly proportional to the resultant force and inversely proportional to the object’s mass.

                                       or

The rate of change of momentum of an object is directly proportional to the resultant external force applied

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13
Q

The centre of gravity of an object is defined as …

A

The point through which the entire weight of the object may be considered to act

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14
Q

The moment of a force is defined as…

A

Force x perpendicular distance of the pivot from the line of action of the force

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15
Q

The principle of moments states that…

A

For any object that is in equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise moments about any point equals the sum of the anticlockwise moments about the same point

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16
Q

The torque of a couple is defined as

A

one of the forces x perpendicular distance between the forces

17
Q

Pressure =

A

Force / Area

18
Q

Density =

A

Mass/Volume

19
Q

Power =

A

Work done (or energy transferred) / time taken

20
Q

Seat belts, air bags and crumple zones all improve road safety by…

A

Increasing the time for the driver to come to a halt. This reduces the rate of momentum change, which in turn leads to reduced impact forces on the driver

21
Q

Factors which increase braking distance include..

A

Increased speed
Things which reduce friction between the tyres and the road (tyre condition, road surface, water, ice)
Things which affect brake condition

22
Q

Factors which increase thinking distance include…

A

Increased speed

Things which affect the driver’s reaction time (alcohol, drugs, tiredness, medical condition)

23
Q

A Joule is defined as…

A

The amount of work done when a force of 1 Newton moves a distance of 1 metre in the direction of the force

24
Q

The principle of energy conservation states that…

A

For a closed system, energy can be transformed to other forms but the total amount of energy remains constant

25
Q

Hooke’s Law states that…

A

The extension of a material is directly proportional to the applied force providing the elastic limit is not exceeded

26
Q

Stress is defined as

A

The force applied per unit CSA of the material

27
Q

Strain is defined as

A

The fractional increase in the length of the material

28
Q

The ratio of stress to strain for a material is called

A

The Young Modulus (stiffness) of the material

29
Q

Brittle materials

A

Break at the elastic limit

30
Q

Ductile materials

A

Show plastic deformation beyond the elastic limit

31
Q

Elastic behaviour means …

A

An object returns to its original length and shape when the force is removed

32
Q

The strength of a material tells us…

A

How much stress is needed to break a material.

33
Q

The maximum stress a material can withstand is called

A

Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS)

34
Q

The elastic potential energy stored in a stretched material is given by

A

The area under the force extension curve for the material (provided the elastic limit has not been exceeded)

physics 2 ocr (15 decks)

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