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Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology > G Terms > Flashcards

G Terms Flashcards

1
Q

gall bladder

A

a small pouch, inferior to the liver, that stores bile, and secretes it via the cystic duct

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2
Q

gallstone

A

a solid mass, usually containing cholesterol, in the gallbladder/bile containing duct

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3
Q

gamete

A

a reproductive cell (sperm or secondary oocyte)

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4
Q

gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)

A

a procedure in which a aspirated secondary oocyte is combined with a sperm-containing solution outside the body, then the solution is returned to the uterine tubes

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5
Q

ganglion

A

a group of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system (CNS). can also refer to the basal ganglia in the CNS

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6
Q

gastric glands

A

glands in the mucosa of the stomach that secrete gastric juices

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7
Q

gastroenterology

A

medical specialty that deals with the structure, function, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the stomach and intestines

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8
Q

gastrointestinal tract

A

a continuous tube running through the ventral body cavity from the mouth to the anus

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9
Q

gene

A

a biological unit of heredity, a segment of DNA at a definite position on a particular chromosome

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10
Q

generator potential

A

the graded depolarization that results in a change in the resting membrane potential in a receptor. If it reaches threshold, it can trigger an action potential

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11
Q

genetics

A

the study of genes and heredity

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12
Q

genital herpes

A

an STD caused by types 2 herpes simplex virus

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13
Q

genitalia

A

reproductive organs

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14
Q

genome

A

the complete set of genes in an organism

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15
Q

genotype

A

the total hereditary information carried by an individual, the genetic makeup of an organism

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16
Q

geriatrics

A

the branch of medicine devoted to the medical problems and care of elderly persons

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17
Q

gestation

A

the period of development from fertilization to birth

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18
Q

gingivae

A

gums

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19
Q

gland

A

specialized epithelial cells that secrete substances

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20
Q

glans penis

A

the slightly enlarged region at the distal end of the penis

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21
Q

glaucoma

A

an eye disorder caused by excess aqueous humor causing increased intraocular pressure

22
Q

gliding joint

A

a synovial joint with flat articulating surfaces, permitting only side-to-side, and back-and-forth movements (for instance, between carpals, tarsals, and the scapula and clavicle)

23
Q

glomerular capsule

A

a double walled globe at the end of nephron that encloses the glomerular capillaries

24
Q

glomerular filtrate

A

the fluid produced when blood is filtered by the filtration membrane in the glomeruli of the kidneys

25
Q

glomerular filtration

A

the first step in urine formation, where blood substances are filtered through the filtration membrane and the filtrate enters the proximal convoluted tubule of a nephron

26
Q

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

A

the total volume of fluid entering all the glomerular capsules in one minute

27
Q

glomerulus

A

a rounded mass of nerves or blood vessels, especially the microscopic tuft of capillaries in each kidney tubule

28
Q

glottis

A

the vocal folds/true vocal cords in the larynx, plus the space between them (rima glottidids)

29
Q

glucagon

A

a hormone made by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets. increases blood glucose level

30
Q

glucocorticoids

A

hormones made by the adrenal cortex, especially cortisol, that influence glucose metabolism

31
Q

gluconeogenisis

A

the making of glucose from glycerol, certain amino acids, or lactic acid

32
Q

glucose

A

a six-carbon sugar (C6-H12-O6), the major energy source for ATP production

33
Q

glucosuria

A

presence of glucose in the urine

34
Q

glycogen

A

a highly branched polymer of glucose, functions as a compact store of glucose molecules in liver and muscle cells

35
Q

glycogenesis

A

the process of forming glycogen from glucose

36
Q

glycogenolysis

A

the breakdown of glycogen into glucose

37
Q

glycolysis

A

a series of chemical reactions in the cytosol in which a glucose molecule splits into 2 pyruvic acid molecules, and producing 2 ATP molecules

38
Q

goblet cell

A

a goblet shaped cell that secretes mucus, present in airway and intestinal epithelium

39
Q

goiter

A

an enlargement of the thyroid gland

40
Q

golgi complex

A

an organelle made of 4-6 flattened sacs/cisterns. functions in packaging, sorting, processing, and delivering lipids and proteins to the plasma membrane, lysosomes, and secretory vesicles

41
Q

gomphosis

A

a fibrous joint which is made of a cone shaped peg that fits into a socket

42
Q

gonad

A

a gland that produces gametes and hormones, the ovaries and testis

43
Q

gonadotropic hormone

A

anterior pituitary hormone affecting the gonads

44
Q

grey matter

A

area in the central nervous system and ganglia consisting of nonmyelinated nerve tissue

45
Q

greater omentum

A

a large fold in the serosa of the stomach that hands down like an apron anterior to the intestines

46
Q

greater vestibular glands

A

a pair of glands on either side of the vaginal orifice that open via a duct into the space between the hymen and labia minoria

47
Q

gross anatomy

A

the branch of anatomy dealing with the study of structures without the need for a microscope to do so

48
Q

gustatory

A

pertaining to taste

49
Q

gynecology

A

the branch of medicine dealing with the study and treatment of disorders of the female reproductive system

50
Q

gynecomastia

A

excessive growth of male mammary glands due to estrogens by an adrenal gland tumor

51
Q

gyrus

A

one of the folds of the cerebral cortex, aka a convolution

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology (21 decks)

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