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Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology > A terms > Flashcards

A terms Flashcards

1
Q

Abdomen

A

The area between the diaphragm and pelvis

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2
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Superior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity, contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, most of the small intestine, and part of the large intestine

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3
Q

Abdominal thrust maneuver

A

Heimlich maneuver

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4
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Inferior cavity in the torso/ventral cavity

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5
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from axis or midline of body

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6
Q

Abortion

A

Premature loss or removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus

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7
Q

Abrasion

A

A portion of skin that has been scraped away

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8
Q

Absorption

A

Intake of fluids or other substances by cells of the skin or mucus membranes

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9
Q

Accomodation

A

Change in the curvature of the eye lens to adjust for distance

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10
Q

Acetabulum

A

The rounded portion of the hip bone that receives the head if the femur

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11
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

A neurotransmitter released by many peripheral nervous system neurons and some central nervous system neurons

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12
Q

Acid

A

A proton donor or a substance that disassosiates into hydrogen ions and antions characterized by an excess of hydrogen ions, pH less than 7

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13
Q

Acidosis

A

A condition in which blood pH is below 7.35

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14
Q

Acini

A

Masses of cells in pancreas that secret digestive enzymes

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15
Q

Acromegaly

A

Condition caused by hypersecretion of human growth hormone during adulthood, characterized by thickened bones and enlargement of other tissues

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16
Q

Acrosome

A

A dense lysosome-like body in he head of a sperm cell that contains enzymes that facilitate the penetration of sperm cell into a secondary oocyte

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17
Q

Actin

A

The contractile protein that is part of thin filaments in muscle fibers

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18
Q

Action potential

A

An electrical signal hat propagates along the membrane of a neuron or muscle fiber; a rapid change in membrane potential that involves a depolarization followed by a repolarization, also called a nerve action potential or nerve impulse

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19
Q

Active transport

A

The movement of substances across some membranes against a concentration gradient requiring the use of cell energy

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20
Q

Accupuncture

A

The insertion of a needle into a tissue for the purpose of withdrawing fluid or reliving pain, also the traditional Chinese practice

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21
Q

Acute

A

Haveing rapid onset, severe symptoms, and a short course

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22
Q

Adaptation

A

The adjustment of the pupil of the eye to light variations, the property by which a neuron relays a decreased frequency of action potentials from a receptor even though the strength of the stimulus remains constant; the decrease in perception of a sensation overtime while the stimulus is still present

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23
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the axis or midline of the body

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24
Q

Adenohypophysas

A

The anterior portion of the pituitary gland

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25
Q

Adenoids

A

The pharyngeal tonsils

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26
Q

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A

The energy carrying molecule made by all living cells as a means of capturing and storing energy. ATP consists of the purine base adenine and the five carbon sugar ribose to which are added in linear array, 3 phosphate groups

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27
Q

Adipocyte

A

Fat cell derived from a fibroblast

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28
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Tissue composed of adipocytes specialized for triglyceride storage and present in the form of soft pads between various organs for support, protection, and insulation

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29
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

The outer portion of an adrenal gland, divided into 3 zone that secret mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens

30
Q

Adrenal glands

A

2 glands located superior to each kidney. also called the suprareanal glands

31
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

The inner portion of an adrenal gland, made of cells that make epinephrine and norepinephrine

32
Q

Adrenergic neuron

A

A neuron that releases epinephrine or norepinephrine at a synapse

33
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

a hormone made in the anterior pituitary to influence the production and secretion of some adrenal cortex hormones

34
Q

Adventitia

A

The outermost layer of a structure or organ

35
Q

Aerobic

A

Requiring molecular oxygen

36
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

A kidney blood vessel that divides into one of the capillary networks (glomeruli)

37
Q

Agglutination

A

clumping of microorganisms or blood cells, usually in reaction to antigen

38
Q

Aggregated lymphatic follicules

A

Clusters of lymphatic nodules, most numerous in the ileum; aka Peyer’s patches

39
Q

Albinism

A

Abnormal partial or total absence of melanin in the hair skin and eyes

40
Q

Albumin

A

The most abundant and the smallest of the plasma proteins

41
Q

Aldosterone

A

A mineraolcorticoid made by the adrenal cortex to control sodium/water reabsorption, and potassium excretion

42
Q

Alkaline

A

Containing more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions, a pH higher than 7

43
Q

Alkalosis

A

A condition in which blood pH is higher than 7.45

44
Q

Allantosis

A

A small, vascular membrane in a fetus (between chorion and amnion) where early blood formation takes place

45
Q

Alleles

A

Alternate forms of one gene that control the same trait

46
Q

Allergen

A

An antigen that causes a hypersensitive reaction

47
Q

Alpha cell

A

A cell in the pancreatic islets, makes glucagon

48
Q

Alveolar duct

A

Branch of a bronchiole where the alveoli and alveolar sacs are

49
Q

Alveolar macrophage

A

A highly phagocytic cell in the alveolar walls in the lungs (aka, dust cell)

50
Q

Alveolar pressure

A

Air pressure in the lungs

51
Q

Alveolar sac

A

A cluster of alveoli that share an opening

52
Q

Alveolus

A

A small hollow or cavity, either an air sac in the lungs, or a milk producing portion of the mammary gland

53
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

Disabling neurologic disorder characterized by dysfunction and death of cerebral neurons resulting in wide spread intellectual impairment, personality changes, and fluctuations in alertness

54
Q

ameneria

A

the absence of menstration

55
Q

amino acid

A

an organic acid containing an acidic carboxyl group and a basic amino group that is the building unit from which proteins are formed

56
Q

amnesia

A

a lack or loss of memory

57
Q

amnion

A

the innermost extraembryonic membrane a thin, transparent sac, that holds the fetus suspended in amniotic fluid, also called the bag of waters

58
Q

amniotic fluid

A

fluid in the amniotic cavity, the space between the developing embryo or fetus and amnion, the fluid is initially produced as a filtrate from maternal blood, and later includes fetal urine

59
Q

amphiarthrosis

A

a slightly movable articulation in which the articulating bony surfaces are separated by fibrous connective tissue or fibrocartilage to which both are attached, types are syndesmosis and symphysis

60
Q

anabolism

A

synthetic energy requiring reactions whereby small molecules are built up into larger ones

61
Q

anaerobic

A

not requiring molecular oxygen

62
Q

anal canal

A

the terminal 2 or 3 centimeters of the rectum, opens to the exterior through the anus

63
Q

anal triangle

A

the subdivision of the female or male perineum that contains the anus

64
Q

analgesia

A

pain relief

65
Q

anaphase

A

3rd stage of mitosis in which the chromatids the have separated at the centromeres move to opposite poles of the cell

66
Q

anaphylaxis

A

an allergic reaction in which IgE antibodies attach to mast cells and basophils, making them cause increased blood permeability, smooth muscle contractions, and increased mucus production

67
Q

anatomical position

A

of the body universally used in anatomical discriptions

68
Q

anatomic dead space

A

spaces of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles that contain 150 mL of tidal volume, the air does not reach the alveoli to participate in gas exchange

69
Q

anatomy

A

the study of the structure of the body and the relation of its parts to each other

70
Q

angrogen

A

substance producing or stimulating masculine characteristics such as the male hormone testosterone

71
Q

anemia

A

condition of the blood in which the number of functional red blood cells or their hemoglobin content is below normal

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology (21 decks)

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