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004 - Urine Path > (G. Neoplasia of the Kidney) > Flashcards

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney) Flashcards

1
Q

(1)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(primary neoplasms)

  1. how common in dogs?
  2. in all other species?
  3. In dogs what % of primary are

epithelial

mesenchymal

other

  1. what % malignant
A
  1. relatively uncommon (1% of all)
  2. rare
  3. 76%

16%

8%

  1. 91% (9% benign)
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2
Q

(2)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(Primary Neoplasms)

(Benign)

(a. Renal cell adenoma)

  1. how common?
  2. gross appearacne?
  3. hard to diff from malignant - what helps?
A
  1. rare in all species

(usually incidental finding at necropsy)

  1. discrete, pale tan to white, unilateral, unencapsulated
  2. finding of metastases indicating malignancy
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3
Q

(3)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(Primary Neoplasms)

(Benign)

(b. Oncocytoma)

  1. how common?
  2. tumor cells probably derived from what?
  3. Cytoplasmic appearance is due to the presence of what?
A
  1. Rare in all species and usually an incidental finding at necropsy.
  2. epithelial cells

(but have a striking morphology with brightly eosinophilic granular cytoplasm)

  1. large numbers of mitochondria.
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4
Q

(3)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(Primary Neoplasms)

(Benign)

(c. Fibroma)
1. how common?
2. of what?

A
  1. rare (usually incidental)
  2. fibroblasts
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5
Q

(5)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(Primary Neoplasms)

(Benign)

(d. Hemangioma)

  1. how common?
  2. may be associated with what?
A
  1. rare benign tumor forming well-differentiated blood-filled channels lined by well-differentiated endothelial cells.
  2. hematuria
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6
Q

(6)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(Primary Neoplasms)

(Malignant)

(a. Renal Carcinoma)
1. aka what?

(occurence)

  1. most common primary renal tumor in what?
  2. In dogs and cats - sex pred?
A
  1. renal cell carcinoma, malignant nephroma, and Grawit’s tumor
  2. dogs, cats, horses (also reported in cattle, pigs, sheep)
  3. males
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7
Q

(6)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(Primary Neoplasms)

(Malignant)

(a. Renal Carcinoma)

(Clinical Characteristics)

  1. Horses?
  2. Dogs and Cats?
  3. tumors are othen what when clinical signs become evident?
A
  1. asymptomatic or assoc with colic, weight loss, hematuria
  2. Abdominal mass, weight loss, hematuria.
  3. metastatic
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8
Q

(6)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(Primary Neoplasms)

(Malignant)

(a. Renal Carcinoma)

(Gross morph)

  1. uni or bi?
  2. may be mult masses in one kidney
  3. Typically well demarcated, tan-brown to cream-colored, often located at one pole, may have central necrosis.
A
  1. usuall uni
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9
Q

(6)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(Primary Neoplasms)

(Malignant)

(a. Renal Carcinoma)

(Histopath)

  1. May be classified by histologic patterns (papillary, tubular, and solid)…. any correlation with biologic behavior?
  2. Exhibit typical features of malignant tumors including what?
A
  1. no
  2. anaplasia, high mitotic index, metastasis
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10
Q

(10)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(Primary Neoplasms)

(Malignant)

(a. Renal Carcinoma)

(Growth and Metastasis)

  1. Metastases detected in what percentage of

dogs?

horses?

cattle?

  1. In dogs, the most common sites of metastasis are what?
  2. In horses, the most common sites of metastasis are what?
A
  1. 50-60%

70%

5%

  1. lung, regional lymph nodes, liver, serosal surfaces, and opposite kidney
  2. lung and liver
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11
Q

(11)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(Primary Neoplasms)

(Malignant)

(a. Renal Carcinoma)

(Diagnostic Considerations:)

  1. diff dx include what?
  2. Tumors express a variety of keratin subtypes and may express what?
A
  1. other metastatic carcinomas
  2. Tamm- Horsfall protein (which is specific for renal tubules.)
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12
Q

(12)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(Primary Neoplasms)

(Malignant)

(b. Nephroblastoma)
1. aka what?

(Occurence)

  1. most commmon primary renal neoplasm in what?

second in what?

A
  1. (embryonal nephroma, Wilm’s tumor)
  2. pigs and chickens

dogs and cats

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13
Q

(13)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(Primary Neoplasms)

(Malignant)

(b. Nephroblastoma)

(Gross Morphology:)

  1. uni or bi?
  2. within what?
  3. very large in what?
  4. Lobulated appearance, meaty consistency, white to tan with cystic areas and necrosis (discolored yellow, gray, or red)

(Histopathology:)

  1. Composed of a mixture of embryonal epithelial and primitive mesenchymal tissues including embryonic glomeruli and tubules. Rarely will include fat, muscle, cartilage, or bone.
A
  1. typically uni at one pole
  2. cortex
  3. pigs
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14
Q

(14)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(Primary Neoplasms)

(Malignant)

(b. Nephroblastoma)

(Growth & Metastasis:)

  1. metastases in pigs and chickens?

in dogs and cats?

occurs where?

A
  1. rare

> 50% of cases

regional sublumbar and mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs, liver, and opposite kidney

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15
Q

(15)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(Primary Neoplasms)

(Malignant)

(c. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC))
1. how common?
2. arise in renal pelvis from what?
3. other features similar to TCC of urinary ballder (see below)
(d. Hemangiosarcoma)
1. how common?
2. much more common as what in kidney?

A
  1. uncommon (~5%)
  2. transitional epi
  3. -Rare primary renal tumor (< 3%).
  4. metastatic (secondary) tumor
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16
Q

(15)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(Secondary Neoplasms)

  1. all metastatic… therefore what by definition?
  2. how much more common than primary in dogs?

in cats?

A
  1. malignant
  2. 2x

7x

17
Q

(17)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(Secondary Neoplasms)

(a. Lymphoma (lymphosarcoma))
1. Most common neoplasm in kidneys of what animal?

among the most common in other species - esp what?

  1. comprised of what?
  2. –Grossly pale tan to white solid masses….

uni or bi?

may lead to what?

A
  1. cat

cattle

  1. neoplastic lymphocytes

often bi

chronic renal failure

18
Q

(18)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(Secondary Neoplasms)

(Hemangiosarcoma)

  1. comprised of what forming iirregular blood-filled vascular channels?
  2. typically observed as what?
A
  1. neoplastic endothelial cells
  2. multifocal dark red masses occupying both cortex and medulla of both kidneys.
19
Q

(19)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(Secondary Neoplasms)

(c. Malignant melanoma)
1. Comprised of neoplastic what?
2. Typically observed as what?

uni or bi?

A
  1. melanocytes (forming variable amounts of melanin pigment.)
  2. observed as multifocal dark brown to black masses occupying both cortex and medulla

bi

(Poorly differentiated tumors may lack melanin pigment and may be difficult to distinguish grossly from other metastatic sarcomas or carcinomas.)

20
Q

(19)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(Secondary Neoplasms)

(d. Carcinomas)
1. Renal metastases may arise from mammary carcinomas, thyroid carcinomas, and others.
2. May be single or more commonly multiple sites in both kidneys

A
21
Q

(21)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(3. Tumor-Like Lesions)
(a. Granulomas:)
1. most commonly due to what?

in cats?

A
  1. systemic fungal infections

FIP

22
Q

(21)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(3. Tumor-Like Lesions)

(Cysts)

(Simple (developmental) cysts)

  1. solitary or many?
  2. uni or bi?
  3. of clinical importance?
A
  1. solitary
  2. uni
  3. no (expcet may be confused for neoplasms)
23
Q

(23)

(G. Neoplasia of the Kidney)

(3. Tumor-Like Lesions)

(Cysts)

(Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD))

  1. disorder characterized by what?
  2. most common in what?

young cats at 1-2 months called what?

adult cats, 8-11 year called what?

  1. Adult PKD is an autosomal dominant inherited condition in what breed cat?
  2. path unclear… but may involve what two?
  3. both adult and juvenile lead inextricably to what?
  4. Gross?

(Dogs)

  1. autosomal dom found in what?
  2. autosomeal recessive found in what?
A
  1. displacementand loss of significant portions of normally differentiated renal parenchyma by multiple cysts.
  2. cats

juvenile PKD = autosomal recessive trait

adult PKD = autosomal dominant trait

  1. Persian

(It is thought that >39% of Persian cats have this condition. Linkage has been shown to the area of the PKD1 gene (product = large cell membrane protein) in Persian cats (this mutation causes human adult PKD).)

  1. tubular basement membrane defect or proliferation of tubular epithelium or both.
  2. renal failure
  3. enlarged, parenchyma replaced by thin-walled cysts containing fluid
  4. english bull terriers
  5. west highland white terriers, cairn terriers (similar to PKD in cats)

004 - Urine Path (7 decks)

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