F. SYNDROME: Urolithiasis Flashcards

1
Q

(1)

(F. SYNDROME: Urolithiasis)

  1. what is it?
  2. what are four types?
A
  1. resence of calculi in the urinary passages.

(Uroliths may form in any part of the urinary duct system).

  1. struvite (MgNH4PO4), Calcium oxalate, Urate (esp ammonium acid urate), cystine

(+ others)

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2
Q

(2)

(F. SYNDROME: Urolithiasis)

(Struvite–)

  1. MgNH4PO4 (magnesium ammonium phosphate = MAP) is the most common type of urolith in dogs and cats, also occur in pigs and ruminants
  2. in dogs, most often associated with what?
  3. Urease hydrolyzes urea producing 2NH3 + CO2. NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- thus doing what?

formed NH4 and PO4 may combine with what to form struvite?

  1. Many cats have struvite crystalluria (thought to be a metabolic cause) which plays a role in what?
  2. Treatment = ?
A
  1. bacterial cystits cause by urease-producing staph or proteus

(or Eubacterium [Actinobaculum] suis in pigs)

  1. raising urine pH and increasing ionization of PO4 (both of which favor formation of struvite)

Mg

  1. feline urologic syndrome (FUS/FLUTD)
  2. diet to reduce urine pH and Mg
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3
Q

(3)

(F. SYNDROME: Urolithiasis)

(Calcium Oxalate)

  1. most occur in what animals?
  2. Path unclear… what may play role?
  3. Hypercalciuria may occur in the absence of hypercalcemia due to what?
  4. Treatment = ?
A
  1. dogs, sheep, cats
  2. hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, and hyperuricosuria (increase uric acid)
  3. resorptive defects in renal tubules
  4. surgical removal, lithotripsy, or hyrdopropulsion
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4
Q

(3)

(F. SYNDROME: Urolithiasis)

(Urate: esp ammonium acid urate)

  1. mostly found in what due to what?
  2. dalmations fai lto do what?
A
  1. Dalmations due to high levels of uric acid
  2. convert uric acid to allantoin in liver

(Ammonium biurate crystals in urine of dogs with portosytemic shunts.)

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5
Q

(5)

(F. SYNDROME: Urolithiasis)

(Cytsine)

  1. most often seen in what?
  2. Affected dogs excrete abnormally high levels of what?

(others)

  1. which ones?
A
  1. dogs
  2. cystine (sometimes other AA)
  3. silica, calcium carbonate, CaPO4, xanthine
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6
Q

(6)

(F. SYNDROME: Urolithiasis)

(2. Significance and Consequences of Urolithiasis)

1-3. May be a sign of another underlying problem… like what 3?

  1. may traumatize mucosa of urinary tract –> ?
  2. may cause obstruction –> ?
A
  1. physical defect (diverticulum)
  2. metabolic abnromality (hypercalcemia with calcium oxalate)
  3. bacterial infection (w/ struvite)
  4. bacterial infection
  5. bacterial infection

(or cause hydronephrosis or acute renal failure if obstruction is complete and bilateral.)

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