F. SYNDROME: Urolithiasis Flashcards
(1)
(F. SYNDROME: Urolithiasis)
- what is it?
- what are four types?
- resence of calculi in the urinary passages.
(Uroliths may form in any part of the urinary duct system).
- struvite (MgNH4PO4), Calcium oxalate, Urate (esp ammonium acid urate), cystine
(+ others)
(2)
(F. SYNDROME: Urolithiasis)
(Struvite–)
- MgNH4PO4 (magnesium ammonium phosphate = MAP) is the most common type of urolith in dogs and cats, also occur in pigs and ruminants
- in dogs, most often associated with what?
- Urease hydrolyzes urea producing 2NH3 + CO2. NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH- thus doing what?
formed NH4 and PO4 may combine with what to form struvite?
- Many cats have struvite crystalluria (thought to be a metabolic cause) which plays a role in what?
- Treatment = ?
- bacterial cystits cause by urease-producing staph or proteus
(or Eubacterium [Actinobaculum] suis in pigs)
- raising urine pH and increasing ionization of PO4 (both of which favor formation of struvite)
Mg
- feline urologic syndrome (FUS/FLUTD)
- diet to reduce urine pH and Mg
(3)
(F. SYNDROME: Urolithiasis)
(Calcium Oxalate)
- most occur in what animals?
- Path unclear… what may play role?
- Hypercalciuria may occur in the absence of hypercalcemia due to what?
- Treatment = ?
- dogs, sheep, cats
- hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, and hyperuricosuria (increase uric acid)
- resorptive defects in renal tubules
- surgical removal, lithotripsy, or hyrdopropulsion
(3)
(F. SYNDROME: Urolithiasis)
(Urate: esp ammonium acid urate)
- mostly found in what due to what?
- dalmations fai lto do what?
- Dalmations due to high levels of uric acid
- convert uric acid to allantoin in liver
(Ammonium biurate crystals in urine of dogs with portosytemic shunts.)
(5)
(F. SYNDROME: Urolithiasis)
(Cytsine)
- most often seen in what?
- Affected dogs excrete abnormally high levels of what?
(others)
- which ones?
- dogs
- cystine (sometimes other AA)
- silica, calcium carbonate, CaPO4, xanthine
(6)
(F. SYNDROME: Urolithiasis)
(2. Significance and Consequences of Urolithiasis)
1-3. May be a sign of another underlying problem… like what 3?
- may traumatize mucosa of urinary tract –> ?
- may cause obstruction –> ?
- physical defect (diverticulum)
- metabolic abnromality (hypercalcemia with calcium oxalate)
- bacterial infection (w/ struvite)
- bacterial infection
- bacterial infection
(or cause hydronephrosis or acute renal failure if obstruction is complete and bilateral.)