Future Systems

Question 1

What is Agile Manufacturing?

Answer 1

The Big Idea – Manufacturers can achieve a significant structural advantage over offshore competitors by leveraging proximity to local markets to deliver new and highly personalized products with unprecedented speed.

Manufacturing Systems Capable of Responding unprecedently fast (Unprecendent Speed) to customer Demands. They achieve this by

Platfforms and Modularization
Information Technology: Spread the information among the company areas.
Company Cooperations: Develop a network of partnerts that increase the response time,
Knowledge Culture: Create adaptation within the employess and Departments

Evolution to Virtual Factories
Small Scales
Customer Customization.

Example. 3 Day Cars

http://www.leanproduction.com/agile-manufacturing.html

Question 2

Flexible Manufacturing

Answer 2

A Flexible Manufacturing System is Flexible in two main Categories

The first category, machine flexibility, covers the system’s ability to be changed to produce new product types, and ability to change the order of operations executed on a part.

The second category is called routing flexibility, which consists of the ability to use multiple machines to perform the same operation on a part, as well as the system’s ability to absorb large-scale changes, such as in volume, capacity, or capability.

Most FMS consist of three main systems. The work machines which are often AUTOMATED CNC (Computer Numerical Control) MAQUINES are connected by a MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM to optimize parts flow and the CENTRAL CONTROL COMPUTER which controls material movements and machine flow.

Flexibility Regarding
-Input Material
-Information
Tooling and Fixures
-Manufacturing Euiqoment

Question 3

Concurrent Engineering

Answer 3

Detect problems and do changes when it is possible and easy to do them
Do it right from the beggining.
Traditional Product Developmen vs Integrated Product Development.
Setting up partnerhips with strategyc suppliers. Change from the trditional cost approach to look alliances for quality, availabiliy and productivity.

Question 4

Bionic Systmens

Answer 4

Organizations are Biological Systems.

The basic units are the cells They have self regulations components called enzymes. The analogy are facilitators and coordinatiors in a Company Unit

Cells take chemicals from the environment and produce chemical. They are concaived as plants as well.

The set of cells are controlled by hormons the analogy of this are policies. However come policies take time to react. therefore the organs have a nervous systmes that coduct faster reactions.

Biological systems are characterized by

Authonomy
Spontaneous
Harmony with Hierarchy

Layesr of tissue a set of organs work in harmony to reach sustain the body.

Knowledge is Genetic Information

Example

ORDER->DATABASE-SUB UNITS (Suitable Unit)- COORDINATION BETWEEN THE UNITS

Question 5

Holonic

Answer 5

Hol: Wholw
on: Neutron-Proton

Companies are perceived as a set of sef cointained units Holons that are autonomous and colaboratives.

Holons are composed by a Information and a Physical Part
Autonomy
Cooperation
Holarchy

[Holon:] An AUTONOMOUS and CO_OPERIATIVE building block of a manufacturing system for transforming, transporting, storing and/or validating information and physical objects. The holon consists of an information processing part and often a physical processing part. A holon can be part of another holon.

[Autonomy:] The capability of an entity to create and control the execution of its own PLANS AND OR STRATEGIES
[Co-operation:] A process whereby a set of entities develops mutually acceptable plans and executes these plans.

[Holarchy:] A system of holons that can co-operate to achieve a goal or objective. The holarchy DEFINES THE BASIC RULTES FOR COOPERATION of the holons and thereby limits their autonomy.

[Holonic manufacturing system:] A holarchy that integrates the entire range of manufacturing activities from order booking through design, production, and marketing to realise the agile manufacturing enterprise.

Question 6

Fractal System

Answer 6

The fractal concepts have origins in mathematics and theory of chaos and indicate new ideas to handle with the inflexibility and rigidity of the actual organizations. The fractal manufacturing system is an open system, and the main characteristic is the self-similarity between their small components, known as fractal entities or fractal units. A fractal unit has the following features

 Self-organization, because don’t need external mediation to reorganize. Each unit arranges its internal structure based on previously assigned criteria

 self-similarity, one fractal unit is identical to another fractal unit but the internal structure can be different

 Self-optimized, which means that it continuously search for its best performance. Fractals act as independent units to accomplish their own goals (e.g. production of an output).

However, for the overall goal of the manufacturing system be accomplish, goal coherence should be maintained by cooperation and iteration with other units. In a fractal manufacturing system a predefined organization doesn’t exist. Any fractal unit has its own resources with static capabilities and an efficient information system that provides data required to manufacture products and allocate operating resources. These characteristics allow a great dynamic environment inside the unit that make possible to work with constant changes in the enterprise structure and react quickly to external requirements.

Question 7

Industry 4,0 (Internet of Things)

Answer 7

Robotics
Remote Sensors
Predictive Analytics
Big Data

Question 8

Performance Measurement

Answer 8

Sustainable Production
KPIs Linked with three dimension of sustainable produciton

Environmental
Economical
Social