further need to learn - mix Flashcards
Name a well-known cool climate sub-region in Chile
Casablanca, San Antonio, Leyda
These regions are recognized for producing high-quality wines due to their cooler climates.
Which sub-regions in Chile are known for Carmenere?
Aconcagua, Colchagua, Cachapol, Limari
These areas provide the right conditions for growing Carmenere, a signature grape of Chile.
Where in Chile might you find elegant, structured Chardonnay?
Limari or Elqui Valley (Coquimbo)
These valleys are known for their cooler climates and suitable terroirs for Chardonnay.
What area in Chile has the greatest reputation for Sauvignon Blanc?
Leyda Valley Zone / San Antonio Valley
These regions are celebrated for producing exceptional Sauvignon Blanc wines.
What factors balance temperatures in San Antonio and Casablanca Valley?
Humbolt/cool pacific breezes, fog from cool/warm air, cool mountain air
These climatic factors contribute to the unique growing conditions in these valleys.
What factors affect growing in Elqui and Limari Valley?
Bright Sunshine, Sea breezes/mountain air, high altitudes
These elements create a conducive environment for grape cultivation.
Acidity and alcohol can both have what effect on your palate?
Sharp or tingly sensation
These components contribute to the overall mouthfeel of the wine.
Diacetyl is a compound derived from what?
Malolactic conversion
This process is important in winemaking for softening acidity and adding complexity.
What elements of food increase the perception of bitterness, tannin & alcohol in wine?
Chilli heat and umami
These food characteristics can enhance the perception of certain wine components.
How many buds are retained for replacement cane pruning?
8-20 buds
This practice is crucial for managing vine growth and fruit production.
How many canes are retained in replacement cane pruning?
One to two canes
This method helps in optimizing grape yield and quality.
How many buds are retained for spur pruning?
2-3 buds
Spur pruning is a common technique used in vineyards to control vine growth.
What is another name for Replacement cane pruning?
Guyot training - Single (one cane), Double (two canes)
This technique is widely used for various grape varieties.
Which is more complex & expensive, Spur or Replacement Cane pruning?
Replacement cane pruning
This method requires a larger skilled workforce, making it more costly.
Which style of wine dominates McLaren Vale?
Dry, full-bodied reds based on Shiraz
This region is known for its robust Shiraz wines.
Where is the local white variety Mauzac found?
Limoux
Mauzac is a key grape variety in the Limoux region of France.
What does the Ausbruch classification fall in the Austrian Pradikat system?
Around TBA - (for sweet wines)
Ausbruch is a classification for dessert wines in Austria.
What is the most planted black grape in New Zealand?
Pinot Noir
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How might roasted coffee and chocolate notes be made in red wines?
Use heavily toasted barrels
Toasting barrels adds complexity and secondary notes to the wine during fermentation and maturation.
How might high tannin extraction be achieved in red wines?
Increase extraction through higher temperature ferments, pump-over/punch down/R&R/new oak
These techniques enhance tannin structure in the wine.
Why do grapes like Carmenere need to be located in warm hot sunny areas?
As late ripening varieties, distinctly herbaceous when under ripe, need warm areas to ripen fully
This helps avoid undesirable green notes in the wine.
What is the first stage of noble rot?
The fungus punctures the grape skin with microscopic filaments
This process leads to the development of botrytis cinerea, essential for sweet wines.
What adjustment to the grape must is likely to increase potential alcohol?
Chaptalisation
What is an example of Chaptalisation?
Adding RCGM into the must before fermentation
what are three styles of Chenin blanc in the Western Cape?
- Inexpensive high volume blends (Chardonnay, Colombard) from Worcester/Breede River Valley
- Premium hot climate heavily oaked,
- Premium cooler climate (Coastal Walker Bay, Stellenbosch, Elgin or high altitude Swartland)
How are Inexpensive high volume Chenin Blanc made in South Africa?
Often from fertile irrigated soils, flat terrain and a consistently hot climate such as Worcester or Robertson in the Breede River Valley at high-volumes. Wines will be blended between regions/sites (creating Western Cape wines) and are likely to be stainless steel fermented/ matured.
How are premium, hot climate Chenin Blancs made in South Africa?
Classically made in the region of Paarl, these styles are made from fruit that is often harvested later than normal producing powerful aromas as well as high alcohols (up to 15%).
Often fermented/matured in oak barrels/vats (high % of new oak) with significant MLF and lees additions. The resultant style is rich, powerful and oaky.
How are premium cooler climate chenin blancs made in South Africa?
Made in cooler coastal areas such as Walker Bay, Stellenbosch, Elgin or high altitude sites such as some parts of Swartland. The wines will be fresher, with higher marked acidity, and balanced alcohols (approx. 13%). There is limited MLF and light lees ageing, creating elegant wines more akin to the Loire Valley.
