further need to learn - mix

Question 1

Name a well-known cool climate sub-region in Chile

Answer 1

Casablanca, San Antonio, Leyda

These regions are recognized for producing high-quality wines due to their cooler climates.

Question 2

Which sub-regions in Chile are known for Carmenere?

Answer 2

Aconcagua, Colchagua, Cachapol, Limari

These areas provide the right conditions for growing Carmenere, a signature grape of Chile.

Question 3

Where in Chile might you find elegant, structured Chardonnay?

Answer 3

Limari or Elqui Valley (Coquimbo)

These valleys are known for their cooler climates and suitable terroirs for Chardonnay.

Question 4

What area in Chile has the greatest reputation for Sauvignon Blanc?

Answer 4

Leyda Valley Zone / San Antonio Valley

These regions are celebrated for producing exceptional Sauvignon Blanc wines.

Question 5

What factors balance temperatures in San Antonio and Casablanca Valley?

Answer 5

Humbolt/cool pacific breezes, fog from cool/warm air, cool mountain air

These climatic factors contribute to the unique growing conditions in these valleys.

Question 6

What factors affect growing in Elqui and Limari Valley?

Answer 6

Bright Sunshine, Sea breezes/mountain air, high altitudes

These elements create a conducive environment for grape cultivation.

Question 7

Acidity and alcohol can both have what effect on your palate?

Answer 7

Sharp or tingly sensation

These components contribute to the overall mouthfeel of the wine.

Question 8

Diacetyl is a compound derived from what?

Answer 8

Malolactic conversion

This process is important in winemaking for softening acidity and adding complexity.

Question 9

What elements of food increase the perception of bitterness, tannin & alcohol in wine?

Answer 9

Chilli heat and umami

These food characteristics can enhance the perception of certain wine components.

Question 10

How many buds are retained for replacement cane pruning?

Answer 10

8-20 buds

This practice is crucial for managing vine growth and fruit production.

Question 11

How many canes are retained in replacement cane pruning?

Answer 11

One to two canes

This method helps in optimizing grape yield and quality.

Question 12

How many buds are retained for spur pruning?

Answer 12

2-3 buds

Spur pruning is a common technique used in vineyards to control vine growth.

Question 13

What is another name for Replacement cane pruning?

Answer 13

Guyot training - Single (one cane), Double (two canes)

This technique is widely used for various grape varieties.

Question 14

Which is more complex & expensive, Spur or Replacement Cane pruning?

Answer 14

Replacement cane pruning

This method requires a larger skilled workforce, making it more costly.

Question 15

Which style of wine dominates McLaren Vale?

Answer 15

Dry, full-bodied reds based on Shiraz

This region is known for its robust Shiraz wines.

Question 16

Where is the local white variety Mauzac found?

Answer 16

Limoux

Mauzac is a key grape variety in the Limoux region of France.

Question 17

What does the Ausbruch classification fall in the Austrian Pradikat system?

Answer 17

Around TBA - (for sweet wines)

Ausbruch is a classification for dessert wines in Austria.

Question 18

What is the most planted black grape in New Zealand?

Answer 18

Pinot Noir

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Question 19

How might roasted coffee and chocolate notes be made in red wines?

Answer 19

Use heavily toasted barrels

Toasting barrels adds complexity and secondary notes to the wine during fermentation and maturation.

Question 20

How might high tannin extraction be achieved in red wines?

Answer 20

Increase extraction through higher temperature ferments, pump-over/punch down/R&R/new oak

These techniques enhance tannin structure in the wine.

Question 21

Why do grapes like Carmenere need to be located in warm hot sunny areas?

Answer 21

As late ripening varieties, distinctly herbaceous when under ripe, need warm areas to ripen fully

This helps avoid undesirable green notes in the wine.

Question 22

What is the first stage of noble rot?

Answer 22

The fungus punctures the grape skin with microscopic filaments

This process leads to the development of botrytis cinerea, essential for sweet wines.

Question 23

What adjustment to the grape must is likely to increase potential alcohol?

Answer 23

Chaptalisation

Question 24

What is an example of Chaptalisation?

Answer 24

Adding RCGM into the must before fermentation

Question 25

what are three styles of Chenin blanc in the Western Cape?

Answer 25

- Inexpensive high volume blends (Chardonnay, Colombard) from Worcester/Breede River Valley - Premium hot climate heavily oaked, - Premium cooler climate (Coastal Walker Bay, Stellenbosch, Elgin or high altitude Swartland)

Question 26

How are Inexpensive high volume Chenin Blanc made in South Africa?

Answer 26

Often from fertile irrigated soils, flat terrain and a consistently hot climate such as Worcester or Robertson in the Breede River Valley at high-volumes. Wines will be blended between regions/sites (creating Western Cape wines) and are likely to be stainless steel fermented/ matured.

Question 27

How are premium, hot climate Chenin Blancs made in South Africa?

Answer 27

Classically made in the region of Paarl, these styles are made from fruit that is often harvested later than normal producing powerful aromas as well as high alcohols (up to 15%). Often fermented/matured in oak barrels/vats (high % of new oak) with significant MLF and lees additions. The resultant style is rich, powerful and oaky.

Question 28

How are premium cooler climate chenin blancs made in South Africa?

Answer 28

Made in cooler coastal areas such as Walker Bay, Stellenbosch, Elgin or high altitude sites such as some parts of Swartland. The wines will be fresher, with higher marked acidity, and balanced alcohols (approx. 13%). There is limited MLF and light lees ageing, creating elegant wines more akin to the Loire Valley.