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Medical Microbiology and Parasitology > Fungus and fungal infection I > Flashcards

Fungus and fungal infection I Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q
  • Pityriasis versicolor
  • Tinea niagra
  • Black piedra
  • White piedra
A

What are the conditions caused by Superficial mycoses?

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2
Q
  • Caused by Malassezia furfur
  • Superficial infection of the stratum corneum - interfere with melanin production
  • Appeared as hypopigmented macular lesions often associated with slight scaling or itching
A

Pityriasis versicolor

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3
Q
  • caused by Exophiala werneckii
  • a well-demarcated brown-black macular lesion
  • most commonly seen on palms and soles
A

Tinea nigra

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4
Q
  • superficial infection of the hair
  • caused by Piedraia hortae
  • infection of shaft of hairs of beard and scalp
A

Black piedra

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5
Q
  • infection of the hair
  • caused by yeast-like organism Trichosporon beigelli
  • development of a soft, pasty, cream-colored growth along infected hair shaft
A

White piedra

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6
Q
  • Disease of the skin, hair, and nail
  • caused by a group of closely related fungi known as dermatophytes
A

Cutaneous mycoses

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7
Q

Tricophyton

A

Hair, skin, and nail

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8
Q

Microsporum

A

Hair and skin

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9
Q

Epidermophyton

A

Skin and nail

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10
Q
  • skin, nail, and hair
  • mostly elongate, pencil shaped with micronidia
A

Trichophyton spp

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11
Q
  • skin and hair
  • easily identified on the scalp
  • the loose, cottony mycelia produce macroconidia which are thick-walled and spindle-shaped
  • infected hairs fluorescence a bright green colour when illuminated with a UV-emitting Wood’s light
A

Microsporum spp

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12
Q
  • skin and nails
  • readily identified by the thick, bifurcated hyphae with multiple smooth, club-shaped, macroconidia
A

Epidermophyton spp

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13
Q

Tinea means ringworm or moth-like. What are the names of the 8 Tinea infections?

A
  • capitis (head)
  • faciei (face)
  • barbae (beard)
  • corporis (body)
  • cruris (groin)
  • manuum (hand)
  • unguium (nail)
  • pedis (foot)
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14
Q
  • scalp and hair
  • found in children
  • dull gray, circular patches of alopecia, scarring, and itching
A

Tinea capitis

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15
Q
  • ringworm of the bearded areas of the face and neck
  • also known as barber’s itch
  • follicular inflammation or as cutaneous granulomatous lesion
A

Tinea barbae

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16
Q
  • small annular ring lesions with scaly centre occurring anywhere on the body
  • inflamed circular border containing papules and vesicles surrounding a clear area of relatively normal skin
  • the periphery of the ring which is the site of active fungal growth is inflamed and vesiculated
  • the lesions are typically pruritic
A

Tinea corporis

17
Q
  • groin, perineum, or perianal area
  • can spread from the upper thigh to the genitals
A

Tinea cruris (jock itch)

18
Q
  • nails are thickened, broken, discolored, and brittle
  • clipped nail used for culture
  • treatment must be continued for 3 to 4 months until all the infected portions of the nail grow out and are trimmed off
A

Tinea unguium

19
Q
  • infected tissue is initially between the toes but can spread to the nails which become yellow and brittle
  • caused by Trichophyton spp or Epidermophyton floccosum
  • skin fissures can lead to secondary bacterial infection
A

Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)

20
Q

Treatment for Tinea capitis, corporis, pedis, and unguium

A

Tinea capitis: terbinafine, topical antifungal
Tinea corporis, pedis: terbinafine and itraconazole
Tinea unguium: terbinafine or itraconazole

21
Q

infection of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and fascia

A

subcutaneous mycoses

22
Q
  • mycetoma
  • chromoblastomycosis
  • phaeohyphomycosis
  • sporotrichosis
  • rhinosporidiosis
A

infections of subcutaneous mycoses

23
Q
  • slowly progressive, chronic granulomatous infection of skin and subcutaneous tissues
  • involvement of underlying fascia and bone
  • caused by a number of actinomycetes and filamentous fungi
  • enter through penetrating injuries resulting from thorn pricks, splinters, etc.
  • microabcesses burst open with the formation of chronic multiple sinuses discharging copious, seropurulent fluid containing granules
  • the color and consistency of these granules vary depending on the fungi that cause the disease
A

mycetoma

24
Q
  • slowly progressing granulomatous infection caused by several soil fungi
  • dematiaceous fungi: brown to black melanin pigment in their cell wall and their conidia or hyphae are dark coloured - grey or black
  • lesion vegetate and develop to a cauliflower-like lesion
A

chromoblastomycosis

25
Q
  • heterogeneous group of cutaneous diseases caused by various dematiaceous fungi
  • diagnosis is made by demonstration of darkly pigmented, septate hypahe
  • solitary encapsulated cysts in the subcutaneous tissue to sinusitis to brain abcesses
A

phaeohyphomycosis

26
Q
  • chronic pyogenic granulomatous lesion of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by sporothrix schenckii
  • introduced in skin by sporathrix lives in soil and on plant matter such as sphagnum moss, rose bushes, and hay through a penetration of thorn
  • causes a local pustule or ulcer with the nodules along the draining lymphatic vessels
A

sporotrichosis (rose garderner’s disease)

27
Q
  • chronic granulomatous disease caused by rhinosporidium seeberi
  • characterized by the development of large friable polyps or wart-like lesion in the nose, conjunctiva, or eye
  • occasionally seen in ears, larynx, bronchus, urethra, vagina, rectum, and skin
  • transmitted by dust and water
  • infection in persons taking bath in stagnant pool and in individuals who dive in streams to collect sand from river beds
A

rhinosporidiosis

28
Q
  • coccidioidomycosis
  • paracoccidioidomycosis
  • histoplasmosis
  • blastomycosis

infections are initiated in the lungs, following inhalation of the respective conidia

A

systemic mycoses

29
Q
  • caused by coccidioides immitis or coccidioides posadasii
  • progressive pulmonary infection and dissemination: skin, bone, joints, and meninges in immunocompromised patients
  • found in soil and the growth of the fungus in the environment is enhanced by bat and rodent droppings
A

coccidioidomycosis

30
Q
  • caused by paracoccidioides brasiliensis
  • occurs in young people as a self-limited pulmonary process
  • reactivation of a primary quiescent lesion may occur years later, resulting in chronic progressive pulmonary disease
  • high humidity, rich vegetation, moderate temperatures and acid soil
A

paracoccidioidomycosis

31
Q
  • a disease of reticuloendothelial system caused by an intracellular fungus histoplasma capsulatum
  • soil with high nitrogen content (bird/bat droppings)
  • acute pulmonary histoplasmosis
  • disseminated disease in immunocompromised host and in children
  • splunkers disease
  • flu-like illness, fever, headache, non-productive cough
  • if untreated, the disseminated form of disease is usually fatal
  • shortness of breath, productive cough, sputum purulent or bloody, anorexic, lose weight, night sweats, like Tb
A

histoplasmosis

32
Q
  • caused by blastomyces dermatitidis
  • pulmonary disease
  • extrapulmonary dissemination in immunocompromised patients: skin, bone, genitourinary, CNS
  • decaying organic matter (soil and leaf litter)
A

blastomycosis

Medical Microbiology and Parasitology (14 decks)

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