Fungi, Protozoa and Viruses: Structure and Function

Question 1

How are microorganisms categorised?

2

Answer 1

Cellular

Acellular

Question 2

How do you classify cellular microorganisms?

Answer 2

Prokaryotes (bacteria)

Eukaryotes (fungi and protozoa)

Question 3

What two types of microorganisms are considered acellular microorganisms?

Answer 3

Viruses

Prions

Question 4

Classify fungi.

Answer 4

Moulds

Yeasts

Mushrooms

Question 5

What is a single strand of a mould called?

Answer 5

Hypha

Question 6

What divides hyphae into cells?

Answer 6

internal cross-walls called septa

Question 7

What are compact tuffs of hyphae called?

Answer 7

Mycelium

Question 8

What are the two types of aerial hyphae?

Answer 8

Sporangiophores

Conidiophores

Question 9

Give an example of a mould with sporangiophores.

Answer 9

Rhizopus

Question 10

Give an example of a mould with conidiophores.

Answer 10

Penicillium and aspergillus

Question 11

What are the two different types of pathogenic moulds?

Answer 11

Dermatophytes

Opportunistic moulds

Question 12

What are dermatophytes?

Answer 12

Group of moulds that cause superficial mycoses of the hair, skin and nails

Question 13

Give an example of a dermatophyte.

Answer 13

Trichophyton rubrum

ringworm and athlete’s foot

Question 14

Give two examples of opportunistic moulds.

Answer 14

Aspergillus

Penicillium

Question 15

How do yeast reproduce?

Answer 15

Budding

Question 16

Give examples of some yeasts.

Answer 16

Saccharomyces

Candida albicans

Question 17

Classify parasites.

Answer 17

Protozoa

Helminths

Question 18

Protozoa cause infections in what two areas of the body.

Answer 18

Blood and tissue

Intestinal

Question 19

Give two parasites that cause infections in blood and tissue.

Answer 19

Plasmodium

Toxoplasma

Question 20

Give two parasites that cause infections in intestines.

Answer 20

Entamoeba

Cryptosporidium

Question 21

Give an example of a tapeworm.

Answer 21

Taenia

Question 22

Give an example of a fluke.

Answer 22

Schistosoma

Question 23

Give an example of a roundworm.

Answer 23

Strongyloides

Question 24

What are the three forms a protozoa goes through in a lifetime?

Answer 24

Trophozoite - vegetative

Cyst - survive harsh environments

Cyst-dormant - used when it transits between hosts

Question 25

What creature carries plasmodium?

Answer 25

Mosquitos

Question 26

What does plasmodium do?

Answer 26

Causes malaria

Question 27

What is plasmodium’s full name?

Answer 27

Plasmodium falciparum

Question 28

What are helminths?

Answer 28

Multicellular animals

Question 29

What are the three types of helminths?

Answer 29

Cestodes (tapeworms)

Trematodes (flukes)

Nematodes (roundworms)

Question 30

Give an example of a cestode.

Answer 30

Taenia solium

Question 31

Describe the structure of a virus.

4

Answer 31

Genome of RNA or DNA - single stranded or double stranded

Capsid (protein shell) encloses the genome

Some have a lipid bilayer

Some have protein spikes for attachment

Question 32

How can viruses be shaped?

3

Answer 32

Helical - tube

Icosahedral - made up of many triangles

Complex

Question 33

Give an example of a helical shaped virus.

Answer 33

Mumps

Question 34

Give an example of an icosahedral shaped virus.

Answer 34

Chicken pox

Question 35

Give two examples of viruses with complex structures.

Answer 35

Coronavirus

Bacteriophages

Question 36

Give an example of a virus that causes chronic viral infection.

Answer 36

Hepatitis B