Easily Forgotten Pieces of Information

Question 1

Parts of a virus.
(2)
(2 extra)

Answer 1

Genome and Capsid

Maybe outer envelope -> lipid bilayer
Maybe protein spikes -> attachment to host cell

Question 2

What are the five stages in bacterial pathogenesis?

Answer 2

Exposure/entry
Adherence and local invasion
Colonisation
Invasion and growth
Evasion of the host immune defenses

Question 3

What are the six parts of the chain of infection?

Answer 3

Pathogen Source

Reservoir of infection

Portal of exit

Mode of transmission

Portal of entry

Susceptible host

Question 4

What are the two things bacterial use to facilitate invasion?

Answer 4

Degradative enzymes

Toxins

Question 5

What are degradative enzymes?

Answer 5

Enzymes that degrade components of the extracellular matrix providing bacteria with easier access to host cell surfaces

Question 6

List four degradative enzymes.

Answer 6

Hyaluronidase

Collagenase

Coagulase

Streptokinase

Question 7

What does hyaluronidase do?

Answer 7

It breaks down the hyaluronic acid matrix between the cells allowing the bacteria to penetrate into deeper layers of the skin

Question 8

What does collagenase do?

Answer 8

It breaks down tissue collagen network enabling bacterial spread through the body

Question 9

What does coagulase do?

Answer 9

Causes the deposition of fibrin

Promotes the formation of fibrin clots in the site of infection which offers protection for organisms

Question 10

What does streptokinase do?

Answer 10

Streptokinase dissolves fibrin clots used by the body to restrict an infected area