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1. Microbiology > Classification and Morphology of Microorganisms > Flashcards

Classification and Morphology of Microorganisms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the five kingdoms of life.

A

Plantae

Fungi

Animalia

Protista

Monera

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2
Q

What are the two domains of life?

A

Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes

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3
Q

Which of the five kingdoms are part of the eukaryote domain?

A

Plantae

Fungi

Animalia

Protista

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4
Q

Which of the five kingdoms are part of the prokaryote domain?

A

Monera

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5
Q

What is the principle different between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

A

The presence of a nucleus in a eukaryotic cell and its absence in a prokaryotic cell

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6
Q

Besides the presence/absence of a nucleus, what main difference is there between eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

A

Eukaryotic cells have a series of complex membrane-enclosed organelles which are absent in prokaryotic cells

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7
Q

What is the name of the third recently discovered domain?

A

Archaea

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8
Q

What are archaea?

4

A

Organism that looks and functions like bacteria - some bacterial genes

Shares some genes with eukaryotes

Some completely unique genes

They were the first form of life on earth

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9
Q

What is the order of names/titles used to systematically categorise something?
(8)

A

Domain

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

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10
Q

What is the fundamental rank in bacterial classification?

A

Species

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11
Q

What is a species?

A

A group of closely related organisms

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12
Q

In microbiology, what considers two organisms to be of the same species?

A

If their hereditary material is greater than 70% identical

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13
Q

What does a scientific name of an organism consist of?

A

Both its genus and species names

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14
Q

Give the name of the main bacteria in the colon.

A

Escherichia coli

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15
Q

What is the genus of Escherichia coli?

A

Escherichia

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16
Q

What is the species of Escherichia coli?

A

Coli

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17
Q

How must the scientific name of an organism be typed?

A

In italics, using a capital for the first letter of the genus

18
Q

How can a scientific name be abbreviated?

A

By referring to the genus with a capital letter

e.g. E.coli

19
Q

Where do most organisms get their names from in microbiology?
(4)

A

The scientist that first reported it

The location of the organism

The associated disease

The morphology

20
Q

List the six main parts of a bacterial cell.

A

Cytoplasm

Chromosome

Ribosomes

Plasmid

Cytoplasmic membrane

Cell wall

21
Q

What organelles does a eukaryotic cell have that a bacterial cell doesn’t?
(7)

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Nuclear membrane

Golgi apparatus

Mitochondrion

Chloroplast

(also has cytoplasmic membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes)

22
Q

How big are bacterial cells?

A

About 1-5 microns (um)

And about 1 um wide

23
Q

How small are viruses?

A

0.25-0.025 um

24
Q

How big are eukaryotic cells?

A

10 um but some can several hundred um long

25
Q

List the six main advantages to a bacteria for being small.

A

Rapid growth rate

Accelerated cellular metabolism

Nutrients and waste products pass more readily into and out of a small cell

Develop large cell populations - high rate of mutations

Adapt readily to changing environmental conditions

Evolve rapidly

26
Q

What are the 3 forms of bacteria?

A

Bacilli

Cocci

Spirochetes (rigid) or spirilla (flexible)

27
Q

Name four different arrangements of cocci

A

Diplococci - two in groups

Tetrads = four or eight in groups

Streptococci - chains

Staphylococci - cocci in clusters

28
Q

Give an example of a diplococci bacteria.

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

29
Q

What disease does neisseria gonorrhoeae cause?

A

Gonorrhoeae

30
Q

Give an example of a streptococci bacteria.

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

31
Q

What disease does streptococci pyogenes cause?

A

Boils

32
Q

Give an example of a staphylococci bacteria.

A

Staphylococcus aureus

33
Q

What disease does staphylococcus aureus cause?

A

Boils

34
Q

Give an example of a tetrad bacteria.

A

Micrococcus luteus

35
Q

What disease does micrococcus luteus cause?

A

It is rarely pathogenic

36
Q

Name four dyes commonly used to stain bacteria.

A

Methylene blue

Crystal violet

Safranin

Carbol fuchsin

37
Q

How do dyes stain bacteria?

A

Dyes have a positive charge and are attracted to the overall negative charge of bacterial cells

38
Q

What are differential stains?

A

Allow us to differentiate between bacterial cells based on dye colours

39
Q

Name one differential staining technique.

A

The gram stain

40
Q

What two groups does the gram stain divide bacteria into?

A

Gram negative (pink)

Gram positive (purple)

41
Q

List the five main steps in gram staining.

A

Fixation

Crystal violet

Iodine

Alcohol

Counter stain with carbol fuchsin

1. Microbiology (12 decks)

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