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MAD > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

endemic mycoses

A

blastomycoses, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, sporotrichosis, paracoccidioidomycosis

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2
Q

opportunistic yeasts

A

candida, cryptococcus

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3
Q

opportunistic molds

A

aspergilus, mucormycosis

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4
Q

dimorphic mycoses

A

yeast in the heat, mold in the cold

all are endemic mycoses

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5
Q

superficial mycoses

A

Tinea ____

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6
Q

General treatment for endemic mycoses

A

itraconazole (for mild to moderate infections)
amphotericin B (for severe infections)
6-12 month treatment

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7
Q

Blastomycosis morphology

A

multinucleate broad based budding yeasts

systemic pyogranulomatous infection

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8
Q

Blastomycosis geographic distribution

A

southeastern and south central US, great lakes region

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9
Q

Blastomycosis clinical aspects

A

most infections are symptomatic, chronic pneumonia, can disseminate to skin, mimics malignancy

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10
Q

Diagnosis of endemic mycoses

A

smears with KOH, GMS or PAS stains
culture (Sabouraud dextrose agar)- grows as a mold in the culture
urine antigen detection

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11
Q

Histoplasmosis morphology

A

yeasts with narrow-based budding, often within macrophages

intracellular yeasts within PMNs

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12
Q

Histoplasmosis geographic location

A

Ohio and Mississippi river valleys

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13
Q

Histoplasmosis transmission

A

bird or bat poop in caves (spelunkers are at increased risk)

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14
Q

Histoplasmosis clinical aspects

A

majority of infections are asymptomatic, pneumonia, mucosal ulcers

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15
Q

Transmission of endemic mycoses

A

all acquired primarily via inhalation

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16
Q

Coccidioidomycosis morphology

A

forms spherules with endospores in host

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17
Q

Coccidioidomycosis geographic location

A

southwestern US

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18
Q

Coccidioidomycosis clinincal aspects

A

most are asymptomatic; pneumonia, skin infection, bone infection, joint infection, erythema nodosum

19
Q

Coccidioidomycosis treatment

A

use fluconazole in addition for CNS infection

20
Q

Sporotrichosis transmission

A

more commonly caused by inoculation than inhalation
zoonotic transmission
common in landscapers, christmas tree farmers, rose gardeners

21
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis morphology

A

“pilot wheels” or “Mickey mouse heads”

22
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis geographic location

A

central and south america

23
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis treatment

A

can also use TSX (antibacterial) in addition to itraconazole or amphotericin B

24
Q

Candida morphology

A

normal human flora of GI and skin

endogenous fungi

25
Q

Candida clinical features

A

cutaneous infections, mucosal infections, invasive infections, fungemia

26
Q

Candida diagnosis

A

biopsies of tissue reveals yeast and/or pseudohyphae, blood culture

27
Q

Candida treatment

A

echinocandin

28
Q

Cryptococcus morphology

A

exogenous fungi

narrow based budding yeast with capsule

29
Q

Cryptococcus clinical aspects

A

meningitis, pulmonary disease, cutaneous manifestations

30
Q

Cryptococcus diagnosis

A

smear (with KOH, India Ink, GMS or PAS)
culture
antigen detection

31
Q

Cryptococcus treatment

A

Amphotericin B WITH flucytosine

**HAVE A SYNERGISTIC EFFECT TOGETHER

32
Q

Aspergilus morphology

A

septated hyphae with acute angle branching

33
Q

Aspergilus clinical aspects

A

angioinvasion (invade and occlude arteries), affects mostly immunocompromised patients, pneumonia, CNS infection, cutaneous involvement is RARE

34
Q

Aspergilus diagnosis

A

tissue histology plus culture (histology on its own isnt enough)

35
Q

Aspergilus treatment

A

voriconazole

36
Q

Mucormycosis morphology

A

broad, non-septate, right angle branching hyphae

37
Q

Mucormycosis clinical aspects

A

pneumonia, CNS infection, rhinosinusitis

38
Q

Mucormycosis diagnosis

A

biopsy and culture

39
Q

Mucormycosis treatment

A

lipid formulation of amphotericin B

40
Q

Pneumocystosis transmission

A

usually acquired via inhalation of cysts at a young age which are latent for a while

41
Q

Pneumocystosis clinical aspects

A

diffuse interstitial pneumonia, clear lung exam, but infiltrates seen on x-ray

42
Q

Pneumocystosis diagnosis

A

GMS or IMF staining on respiratory secretions, or PCR

cultrue not possile

43
Q

Pneumocystosis treatment

A

trimethoprim-sulfa (TSX), prophylaxis for high risk patients

MAD (7 decks)

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